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OBGY week 7 > Breast pathology 2 > Flashcards

Breast pathology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Precursor lesions to ductal carcinoma?

A

Epithelial hyperplasia
Columnar cell change
Atypical ductal hyperplasia
DCIS

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2
Q

Precursor lesions to lobular carcinoma?

A

Atypical lobular hyperplasia

Lobular carcinoma in situ

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3
Q

Pathology of in situ carcinoma?

A

Confined within BM of acini and ducts

Malignant but non invasive

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4
Q

Features of LCIS?

A

Frequently multifocal and bilateral
Not palpable
May calcify
Incidence decrease after menopause

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5
Q

Management of LCIS?

A

Excise or vaccum biopsy to exclude higher grade lesions

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6
Q

Features of DCIS?

A

Arises in terminal duct lobular unit

Unicentric (Single duct system)

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7
Q

What is Paget’s disease of the nipple?

A

High grade DCIS extending along ducts to reach epidermis of nipple

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8
Q

Management of DCIS?

A

Surgery
Adjuvant radiotherapy
Chemoprevention (trial)

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9
Q

What is microinvasive carcinoma?

A

DCIS with invasion <1mm

Rare, treated as High grade DCIS

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10
Q

What is invasive breast carcinoma?

A

Malignant epithelial cells which have breached the BM

Risk of mets and death

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11
Q

Risk factors for breast carcinoma?

A 
Age
Repro history
Hormones
Prev breast disease
Lifestyle
Genetics
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12
Q

Genes leading to breast ancer

A 
BRCA1
BRCA2
TP53- Li Fraumeni syndrome
PTEN- Cowden's syndrome
STK11/LKB1- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
ATM- Ataxia telangiectasia
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13
Q

Which grade has a better survival rate?

A

Grade 1 has greatest survival rate

Grade 3 the least

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14
Q

Examples of anti oestrogen therapy?

A

Oophorectomy
Tamoxifen
Aromatase inhibs
GnRH antagonists

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15
Q

What is HER2, when is it problematic and what does it respond to?

A

Human epidermal growth factor 2

When its overexpressed

Trastuzumab (Herceptin)

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16
Q

Which scale is used to calculate prognosis?

A

Nottingham Prognostic index

0.2x diameter
Tumour grade (1-3)
LN status (1-3)

OBGY week 7 (6 decks)

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