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Women's Health Final > Breast Health > Flashcards

Breast Health Flashcards

1
Q

What days of the menstrual cycle are ideal for self breast examination

A

Days 3-10

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2
Q

what are the breast screening recommendations for women ages 20-39

A

Clinical Breast Exam

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3
Q

what are the breast screening recommendations for women ages >40 (2)

A

1- Clinical Breast Exam

2- Mammogram

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4
Q

Why is ultrasound used in addition to Mammogram with breast imagery?

A

Because it allows for assessment of a targeted area

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5
Q

What is the primary diagnostic tool for breast cancer for women greater than 30

A

Ultrasound

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6
Q

How is MRI utilized in diagnosing breast cancer?

A

Adjunct to mammo in high risk women

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7
Q

What age is fibroadenoma most common in?

A

Under age 30

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8
Q

When can a fibroadenoma grow rapidly?

A

1- during adolescence
2 Pregnancy
3- lactation

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9
Q

How does a fibroadenoma present

A

Small pea or marble like, painless lump in once breast

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10
Q

Fluid filled lesions in the terminal ducts or lobule

A

Breast Cyst

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11
Q

What phase are breast cyst most common?

A

Luteal phase

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12
Q

When do breast cyst typically disappear?

A

During menopause

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13
Q

What will the patient complain of when they have a breast cyst?

A

bilateral, full, heavy or aching breast with pain radiating to axilla or arm

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14
Q

What are some medication treatments for Breast cyst (3)

A

1- Danazol
2- Tamoxifen
3- Bromocriptine

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15
Q

What are some practical treatments for breast cyst?

A

1- supportive bra
2- heat
3- cold or gentle massage
4- NSAIDs

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16
Q

What are some dietary guidelines when a patient has breast cyst (2)

A

1- decrease caffeine

2- Take Vit E or evening Primrose oil

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17
Q

What is Galactorrhea?

A

Milky nipple discharge unrelated to normal milk production in breast

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18
Q

What medications can cause Galactorrhea (3)

A

1- Antihypertensive
2- antidepressants
3- antipsychotics

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19
Q

What are some diagnostic test used in working up nipple discharge (3)

A

1- r/o pregnancy
2- Serum Prolactin
3- TFT

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20
Q

Benign inflammatory condition of increased glandular secretion and dilation of the lactiferous ducts and can be present perimenopausal or post menopausal

A

Duct Ectasia

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21
Q

How does Duct Ectasia present (2)

A

1- Unilateral or occasional bilateral, cheesy, viscous nipple discharge
2- Nipple retraction or lump behind nipple

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22
Q

What are some differentials for ductal ectasia?

A

1- intraductal carcinoma
2- periductal mastitis
3- Pagels disease

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23
Q

This breast abnormality is caused by proliferation and overgrowth of ductal epithelial tissue

A

Intraductal Papilloma

24
Q

What age group is intraductal papilloma most common in?

A

45-50

25
Q

What type of discharge can be noted in intraductal papilloma?

A

Bloody, serosanguineous

26
Q

How does the mass present with intraductal papilloma? (2)

A

1- Soft, poorly delineated

2- or small, wart-like growth near nipple

27
Q

Nonpuerperal mastitis characterized by periareolar inflammation with a mass or abscess or a mammary duct fistula

A

Periductal mastitis

28
Q

What age group is periductal mastitis often seen in?

A

reproductive age

29
Q

How does the breast present in periductal mastitis

A

1- Reddened, painful nipple or breast with or without mass

2- Nipple retraction or a spontaneous creamy discharge

30
Q

What is a risk factor for Periductal Mastitis

A

Smoking

31
Q

What is the most common female malignancy

A

Breast Cancer

32
Q

One in ____ women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime and risk increase with aging

A

8

33
Q

What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

A 
1- Female
2- Age
3- Family h/o BRCA 1 & 2
4- early menarche
5- late menopause
6- late or no children
7- ethnicity: white
34
Q

How is Ductal cancer in-situ

A

1- Wide surgical excision or mastectomy if extensive

2- radiation to the breast following excision

35
Q

What is the most common for of breast cancer (70%)

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

36
Q

This type of breast cancer begins in the duct, grows into the surrounding tissue, and has the ability to spread outside of the breast by lymphatics or blood vessels

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

37
Q

How does invasive ductal carcinoma usually present?

A

as a palpable mass or as an abnormal nodule on a mammogram and/or ultrasound

38
Q

What is the treatment for Invasive ductal carcinoma? (3)

A

1- Intitally surgically with wide excision or with mastectomy with surgical evaluation of the lymph nodes
2- Radiation of the remaining breast tissue
3- additional antihormonal or chemo therapy

39
Q

What is the second most common form of breast cancer? (5-10%)
This type of breast cancer is more likely to present with two or more separate tumors and is more likely to be bilateral than other breast cancers

A

Invasive lobular carcinoma

40
Q

This type of breast cancer originates in the lobules, and then invades the surrounding tissue and can spread via the lymph channels or blood stream

A

Invasive lobular carcinoma

41
Q

Why is Invasive lobular carcinoma difficult to identify on mammogram therefore making it more advanced when it is diagnosed?

A

because it resembles the texture and appearance of normal breast tissue

42
Q

An aggresive form of breast cancer that presents as swelling, redness, warmth, and possible peau d’orange of the breast skin due to blocked lymph drainage from cancer within the del-mar lymphatic system.

A

Inflammatory breast cancer

43
Q

What can Inflammatory breast cancer mimic?

A

Mastitis

44
Q

What is the treatment of inflammatory breast cancer? (3)

A

1-Chemo
2-and/or radiation
3- surgery

45
Q

This type of breast cancer is an uncommon presentation of ductal carcinoma that infiltrate’s the nipple causing changes that range from a rash, itching, redness, flaking, bleeding, or a recurrent scab or nonhealing sore.

A

Pagets Disease

46
Q

How is Paget’s Disease diagnosed (3)

A

1- Breast examination
2- mammogram
3- nipple biopsy

47
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Paget’s Disease

A

Mastectomy

48
Q

What is staging of breast cancer based on (3)

A

1- tumor size and extension (stage I)
2- Node number and extent (II-III)
3- Distant metastasis (IV)

49
Q

What is the 5 year survival for stage I

A

95-100%

50
Q

What is the 5 year survival for stage II

A

86%

51
Q

What is the 5 year survival for stage III

A

57%

52
Q

What is the 5 year survival for stage IV

A

20%

53
Q

How does Acupuncture help as a complementary therapy in breast cancer treatment?

A

Gives relief of hot flashes, fatigue and arthralgias

54
Q

How does physical exercise help as a complementary therapy in breast cancer

A

effective in relieving fatigue

55
Q

How does cognitive behavioral therapy help as a complementary therapy in breast cancer treatment?

A

Effective in the relief of insomnia

Women's Health Final (3 decks)

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