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Pediatrics > Breast Feeding And Nutrition 1 > Flashcards

Breast Feeding And Nutrition 1 Flashcards

1
Q

6 interventions for reducing child mortality

A 
Exclusive breastfeeding
Timely complementary feeding
Micronutrient interventions
Deworming
ORS Program
Food fortification
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2
Q

Parts of plan of management of pediatric patients and their components

A

Diagnostic: labs
Therapeutic: DOC
Supportive: Nutritional intervention

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3
Q

2 goals of nutrition

A

Adequate calories

Positive nitrogen balance

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4
Q

What age will the birth weight double? Triple? Quadruple?

A

Double 4-5 months
Triple 1yr
Quadruple 2yrs

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5
Q

Age and explanation for Stage of Adiposity Rebound?

A

Increase of BMI in preparation for adolescent growth spurt

Age 6-7

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6
Q

Brain growth spurt

A

Mid gestation up to 3 yrs old

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7
Q

Brain weight at birth

A

400g

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8
Q

Brain weight at 12months

A

1000g

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9
Q

Until when is head circumference measured?

A

3yrs old

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10
Q

Number of brain cells and synapses at birth

A

100B brain cells

50T synapses

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11
Q

Number of synapses at 1month

A

1000T (20x increase from birth)

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12
Q

Explain barker hypothesis

A

Nutrition during the first 1000 days of life (intrauterine until 3yrs) determines your susceptibility as an adult to NCDs (HPN, obesity, metabolic syndrome)

Regardless of family history

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13
Q

Parts of nutritional assessment

A 
DCBA
Developmental history
Clinical Examination (PE)
Biochemical or Blood studies
Anthropometry
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14
Q

How many calories in 1oz of standark milk formula?

A

1oz=20cal

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15
Q

How many calories in 1 day if fed 3oz of formula every 3 hours?

A

3oz x 8 times a day = 24oz

24oz x 20 cal = 480cal

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16
Q

Pathogomonic sign for vit C deficiency?

A

Bleeding gums

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17
Q

Pathogomonic sign for vit A deficiency?

A

Signs of blindness

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18
Q

Pathogomonic sign for iron deficiency?

A

Pallor

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19
Q

Formula of percentage and the value used for ideal

A

(Actual/ideal)x100

Ideal value= p50

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20
Q

Measurement used to determine underweight/undernourished child?

A

Weight for Age

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21
Q

Measurement used to determine obese child?

A

BMI

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22
Q

Measurement used to determine wasting?

A

Weigh for length

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23
Q

Measurement used to determine stunting?

A

Length for age

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24
Q

Measurement used to determine brain growth?

A

Head circumference

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25
Q

Acute malnutrition term

A

Wasting

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26
Q

Chronic malnutrition term

A

Stunting

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27
Q

Measurement used to determine fat stores?

A

Triceps skin fold (TSF)

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28
Q

Measurement used to determine somatic protein?

A

Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)

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29
Q

Estimation of ideal weight

A

Ideal weight= age in yrs + 8kg

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30
Q

Computation for degree of wasting

A

(Actual weight for length/ideal weight for length)x100

Ideal- p50 on chart

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31
Q

Degrees of wasting and their values

A

Normal >=90
Mild 80-90
Moderate 70-80
Severe <70

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32
Q

Explain frankfort horizontal plane

A

Orbitale and tragion should form a horizontal line when measuring length with infantometer

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33
Q

Computation for degree of stunting

A

Actual length for age/ideal length for age)x100

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34
Q

Degrees of stunting and their values

A

Normal >=95
Mild 95-90
Moderate 90-85
Severe <85

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35
Q

Relationship of HC and CC at birth

A

HC>CC

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36
Q

When does HC become equal to CC

A

6 months

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37
Q

When does CC become bigger than HC

A

1 year

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38
Q

Cut off measurement for severe malnutrition using MUAC?

A

<11.5cm

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39
Q

Explain wet weight

A

Normal weight of severely malnourished children due to additional weight from edema

40
Q

Growth factors in breast milk and their function

A

Epidermal growth factor: intestinal growth
Transforming growth factor: epithelial growth
Nerve growth factor: neuronal growth

41
Q

Enzyme found in breast milk and its function

A

Platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase: blocks PAF

42
Q

Role of lactobacillus bifidus

A

Maintains acidity-inhibiting bacteria

43
Q

Role of lactoferrin

A

Binds with fe for better absorption

Inhibits e.coli, staph, candida

44
Q

Role of lsozymes

A

Bacteriostatic

Anti-staph, anti- gram (-)

45
Q

Role of lactoperoxidase

A

Kills step enterobacter

46
Q

Executive order 51

A

National Milk Code

Prohibits advertising of infant formula

47
Q

RA 7600

A

Rooming-in and Breastfeeding Act

48
Q

AO No. 2009-0025

A

New policies and protocol on newborn care

Nonseparation of mother and newborn

49
Q

AO No. 2005-2014

A

National policies on young child breastfeeding
All newborns should be breastfed
Exclusive 6mos
>6mos breastfeeding + complementary

50
Q

Role of glands of morgagni

A

Oil glands provides scent that direct baby to nipple and protect skin of nipple and areola durin feeding

51
Q

Average number of milk ducts per nipple

A

9

52
Q

Main stimulus for milk let-down reflex

A

Suckling on nipple (oxytocin)

53
Q

Estrogen and progesterone effect on milk secretion

A

Inhibitory

These hormones decrease after delivery allowing of initiation of milk secreton

54
Q

Ideal duration of feeding

A

15 mins per breast

55
Q

Explain lactation crisis and hormone involved

A

Epinepherine may be secreted in the first few days of feeding when the mother is still hesistant (anxious)
Epi blocks let-down and may cause lactation crisis.

56
Q

Rest period before feeding

A

15-20mins after birth

57
Q

Breast crawl

A

Movement made when during skin to skin contact to get to the breast

Important to have stepping reflex

58
Q

Durationof sucking reflex

A

42wks AOG to 1month

59
Q

Trigger of sucking-swallowing reflex

A

Nipple touching hard palate

60
Q

Minimum feeding times in a day

A

8x or every 3hrs

61
Q

Milk supply on day 1

A

5mL

62
Q

Day of peak milk secretion

A

Day 5

63
Q

Responsible for yellow tinge of colostrum

A

Carotenoids

64
Q

Vitamins found in colostrum

A

A,E,K

65
Q

When does colostrum, transitional, and mature milk appear?

A

Colostrum: 2-3days post partum
Transitional: 7-14 days
Mature >14 days

66
Q

Two types of mature milk and their composition and role

A

Foremilk

  • thin fluid
  • high water content
  • source of water and hydration for baby

Hindmilk

  • creamier milk
  • high fat content
  • for satiety — makes baby stop feeding
67
Q

Three types of stool and when they occur

A

Meconium: 1-3 days after birth
Transitional stool: 3-5 days or until 7th day
Milk stools >5 days

68
Q

Cradle/madonna hold

A

Breast same side as supporting arm

69
Q

Side-lying or reclined

A

Used bed as support

70
Q

Cross-cradle or crossover hold

A

Supporting arm is opposite of the side of breast

71
Q

Football hold

A

Baby is supported at the side of mother

72
Q

Indications for football hold

A

Large breast
C section
Forceful letdown
Inverted or flat nipples

73
Q

Indication for double football hold

A

Twins

74
Q

Indication for scissoring technique

A

Overactive milk let-down

75
Q

Shelf life of refrigerated breastmilk

A

24hrs

76
Q

Shelf life of frozen breastmilk

A

6months

77
Q

Absolute contraindication to breastfeeding

A

Galactosemia

78
Q

Agent implicated in mastitis

A

Staph aureus

79
Q

Define BREASTFEEDING jaundice and duration

A

Exaggeration of physiological jaundice dt insufficient fluid intake

Results in dehydration and hyponat

First 3 days to 2nd week of life

80
Q

Define BREAST MILK jaundice and duration

A

Dt presence of glucoronyl transferase inhibitors in BM (competes w bilirubin conjugation)

Day5/15 and lasts for 3 weeks or months

81
Q

Proteins found in BM and their percentage

A

Whey 60%

Casein 40%

82
Q

Role of Bifidus Factor in BM

A

Ca and Mg absorption and CNS myelinization

83
Q

Protein inBM with ability to increase immune respone

A

Whey

84
Q

Main type of when in humans and cow’s milk

A 
Alpha lactalbumin (human)
Beta lactalbumin (cow)
85
Q

Implicated in cow’s milk allergy

A

Beta lactalbumin (whey)

86
Q

Vitamins that are lower in human milk compared to cow’s milk

A

Vit K and B

87
Q

Risk that comes with low vit K

A

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

88
Q

What is energy gap and when does it emerge?

A

Amount of energy that needs to be provided by complementary feeding to cover the deficiency of pure breastfeeding

Emerges at 6 months

89
Q

Main determinant of food choice

A

Taste

90
Q

How many attempts of new food before acceptance is achieved?

A

8-10x

91
Q

Feeding frequency during complementary feeding?

A

6-8 mos: 2-3x
9-11 mos: 3-4x
12-24: 5-7x (3 meals 2 snacks)

92
Q

At what age is it appropriate to give freshly squeezed fruit juice and at what amount?

A

1-6 years old

4-6oz a day

93
Q

Extrusion reflex definition and duration

A

Tongue only moves back and forth so baby will spit out any solids
0-4months

94
Q

Age where dietary patterns are set for life

A

2 years old

95
Q

Explain “No no period” and age it appears

A

Child is picky and does not want to try new food. Harder to introduce vegetables.

3yrs old

Pediatrics (1 decks)

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