Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pediatrics > Breast Feeding And Nutrition 1 > Flashcards

Breast Feeding And Nutrition 1 Flashcards

1
Q

6 interventions for reducing child mortality

A 
Exclusive breastfeeding
Timely complementary feeding
Micronutrient interventions
Deworming
ORS Program
Food fortification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parts of plan of management of pediatric patients and their components

A

Diagnostic: labs
Therapeutic: DOC
Supportive: Nutritional intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 goals of nutrition

A

Adequate calories

Positive nitrogen balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What age will the birth weight double? Triple? Quadruple?

A

Double 4-5 months
Triple 1yr
Quadruple 2yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Age and explanation for Stage of Adiposity Rebound?

A

Increase of BMI in preparation for adolescent growth spurt

Age 6-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Brain growth spurt

A

Mid gestation up to 3 yrs old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Brain weight at birth

A

400g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Brain weight at 12months

A

1000g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Until when is head circumference measured?

A

3yrs old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Number of brain cells and synapses at birth

A

100B brain cells

50T synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Number of synapses at 1month

A

1000T (20x increase from birth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain barker hypothesis

A

Nutrition during the first 1000 days of life (intrauterine until 3yrs) determines your susceptibility as an adult to NCDs (HPN, obesity, metabolic syndrome)

Regardless of family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parts of nutritional assessment

A 
DCBA
Developmental history
Clinical Examination (PE)
Biochemical or Blood studies
Anthropometry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many calories in 1oz of standark milk formula?

A

1oz=20cal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many calories in 1 day if fed 3oz of formula every 3 hours?

A

3oz x 8 times a day = 24oz

24oz x 20 cal = 480cal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pathogomonic sign for vit C deficiency?

A

Bleeding gums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pathogomonic sign for vit A deficiency?

A

Signs of blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pathogomonic sign for iron deficiency?

A

Pallor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Formula of percentage and the value used for ideal

A

(Actual/ideal)x100

Ideal value= p50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Measurement used to determine underweight/undernourished child?

A

Weight for Age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Measurement used to determine obese child?

A

BMI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Measurement used to determine wasting?

A

Weigh for length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Measurement used to determine stunting?

A

Length for age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Measurement used to determine brain growth?

A

Head circumference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Acute malnutrition term

A

Wasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Chronic malnutrition term

A

Stunting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Measurement used to determine fat stores?

A

Triceps skin fold (TSF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Measurement used to determine somatic protein?

A

Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Estimation of ideal weight

A

Ideal weight= age in yrs + 8kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Computation for degree of wasting

A

(Actual weight for length/ideal weight for length)x100

Ideal- p50 on chart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Degrees of wasting and their values

A

Normal >=90
Mild 80-90
Moderate 70-80
Severe <70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Explain frankfort horizontal plane

A

Orbitale and tragion should form a horizontal line when measuring length with infantometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Computation for degree of stunting

A

Actual length for age/ideal length for age)x100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Degrees of stunting and their values

A

Normal >=95
Mild 95-90
Moderate 90-85
Severe <85

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Relationship of HC and CC at birth

A

HC>CC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

When does HC become equal to CC

A

6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

When does CC become bigger than HC

A

1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Cut off measurement for severe malnutrition using MUAC?

A

<11.5cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Explain wet weight

A

Normal weight of severely malnourished children due to additional weight from edema

40
Q

Growth factors in breast milk and their function

A

Epidermal growth factor: intestinal growth
Transforming growth factor: epithelial growth
Nerve growth factor: neuronal growth

41
Q

Enzyme found in breast milk and its function

A

Platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase: blocks PAF

42
Q

Role of lactobacillus bifidus

A

Maintains acidity-inhibiting bacteria

43
Q

Role of lactoferrin

A

Binds with fe for better absorption

Inhibits e.coli, staph, candida

44
Q

Role of lsozymes

A

Bacteriostatic

Anti-staph, anti- gram (-)

45
Q

Role of lactoperoxidase

A

Kills step enterobacter

46
Q

Executive order 51

A

National Milk Code

Prohibits advertising of infant formula

47
Q

RA 7600

A

Rooming-in and Breastfeeding Act

48
Q

AO No. 2009-0025

A

New policies and protocol on newborn care

Nonseparation of mother and newborn

49
Q

AO No. 2005-2014

A

National policies on young child breastfeeding
All newborns should be breastfed
Exclusive 6mos
>6mos breastfeeding + complementary

50
Q

Role of glands of morgagni

A

Oil glands provides scent that direct baby to nipple and protect skin of nipple and areola durin feeding

51
Q

Average number of milk ducts per nipple

52
Q

Main stimulus for milk let-down reflex

A

Suckling on nipple (oxytocin)

53
Q

Estrogen and progesterone effect on milk secretion

A

Inhibitory

These hormones decrease after delivery allowing of initiation of milk secreton

54
Q

Ideal duration of feeding

A

15 mins per breast

55
Q

Explain lactation crisis and hormone involved

A

Epinepherine may be secreted in the first few days of feeding when the mother is still hesistant (anxious)
Epi blocks let-down and may cause lactation crisis.

56
Q

Rest period before feeding

A

15-20mins after birth

57
Q

Breast crawl

A

Movement made when during skin to skin contact to get to the breast

Important to have stepping reflex

58
Q

Durationof sucking reflex

A

42wks AOG to 1month

59
Q

Trigger of sucking-swallowing reflex

A

Nipple touching hard palate

60
Q

Minimum feeding times in a day

A

8x or every 3hrs

61
Q

Milk supply on day 1

62
Q

Day of peak milk secretion

63
Q

Responsible for yellow tinge of colostrum

A

Carotenoids

64
Q

Vitamins found in colostrum

65
Q

When does colostrum, transitional, and mature milk appear?

A

Colostrum: 2-3days post partum
Transitional: 7-14 days
Mature >14 days

66
Q

Two types of mature milk and their composition and role

A

Foremilk

  • thin fluid
  • high water content
  • source of water and hydration for baby

Hindmilk

  • creamier milk
  • high fat content
  • for satiety — makes baby stop feeding
67
Q

Three types of stool and when they occur

A

Meconium: 1-3 days after birth
Transitional stool: 3-5 days or until 7th day
Milk stools >5 days

68
Q

Cradle/madonna hold

A

Breast same side as supporting arm

69
Q

Side-lying or reclined

A

Used bed as support

70
Q

Cross-cradle or crossover hold

A

Supporting arm is opposite of the side of breast

71
Q

Football hold

A

Baby is supported at the side of mother

72
Q

Indications for football hold

A

Large breast
C section
Forceful letdown
Inverted or flat nipples

73
Q

Indication for double football hold

74
Q

Indication for scissoring technique

A

Overactive milk let-down

75
Q

Shelf life of refrigerated breastmilk

76
Q

Shelf life of frozen breastmilk

77
Q

Absolute contraindication to breastfeeding

A

Galactosemia

78
Q

Agent implicated in mastitis

A

Staph aureus

79
Q

Define BREASTFEEDING jaundice and duration

A

Exaggeration of physiological jaundice dt insufficient fluid intake

Results in dehydration and hyponat

First 3 days to 2nd week of life

80
Q

Define BREAST MILK jaundice and duration

A

Dt presence of glucoronyl transferase inhibitors in BM (competes w bilirubin conjugation)

Day5/15 and lasts for 3 weeks or months

81
Q

Proteins found in BM and their percentage

A

Whey 60%

Casein 40%

82
Q

Role of Bifidus Factor in BM

A

Ca and Mg absorption and CNS myelinization

83
Q

Protein inBM with ability to increase immune respone

84
Q

Main type of when in humans and cow’s milk

A 
Alpha lactalbumin (human)
Beta lactalbumin (cow)
85
Q

Implicated in cow’s milk allergy

A

Beta lactalbumin (whey)

86
Q

Vitamins that are lower in human milk compared to cow’s milk

A

Vit K and B

87
Q

Risk that comes with low vit K

A

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

88
Q

What is energy gap and when does it emerge?

A

Amount of energy that needs to be provided by complementary feeding to cover the deficiency of pure breastfeeding

Emerges at 6 months

89
Q

Main determinant of food choice

90
Q

How many attempts of new food before acceptance is achieved?

91
Q

Feeding frequency during complementary feeding?

A

6-8 mos: 2-3x
9-11 mos: 3-4x
12-24: 5-7x (3 meals 2 snacks)

92
Q

At what age is it appropriate to give freshly squeezed fruit juice and at what amount?

A

1-6 years old

4-6oz a day

93
Q

Extrusion reflex definition and duration

A

Tongue only moves back and forth so baby will spit out any solids
0-4months

94
Q

Age where dietary patterns are set for life

A

2 years old

95
Q

Explain “No no period” and age it appears

A

Child is picky and does not want to try new food. Harder to introduce vegetables.

3yrs old

Pediatrics (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions