Breast Exam Flashcards
what is the primary function of the breast
fluid production and transportation
additional breast tissue
polymastia
absent nipple
athelia
no development of breast tissue and no nipple
amastia
no breast tissue but has a nipple
amazia
more than one nipple
polythelia
provide structural support and connects the glandular tissues of the breast to the skin.
Cooper’s ligaments
The breast tissue that extends toward and into the axilla is called
tail of spence
what is normal skin thickness
3mm
beneath skin to mammary layer
subcutaneous zone
where layer would you find a lipoma, sebaceous cyst, edema, hemangioma
subcutaneous zone
what are the two types of tissues in the mammary zone
stromal and epithelium
which layer of tissue in the mammary layer contain the acini, TDLU, and lactiferous ducts
epithelium
what does TDLU stand for
terminal duct lobular unit
the TDLU contains the
acini
what is the normal ductal size of a non-lactating patient
2mm
what is the normal ductal size of a lactating patient
8mm
what muscle is more posterior
pectoralis minor
which vessels maintain fluid balance and carry fluid away from the breast
lymph
what is the normal cortex measurement of a lymph node
3mm
lie close to the sternum neat the 2-4th rib
internal mammary nodes
what are the main arterial supply of the breast
lateral thoracic artery and internal mammary artery
what is the echogenicity of skin
hyperechoic
what is the normal echogenicity of subcutaneous fat
hypoechoic
what is considered the reference tissue
subcutaneous fat
what is the echogenicity of the mammary layer
hyperechoic
what hormone affects the stromal tissue
estrogen
what hormone affects the glandular tissue
progesterone
what is the normal echogenicity of a post menopausal patient
isoechoic
how many lobes are in the breast
15-20
what type of cyst is hypoechoic with fluid/debris levels and possible sepations
complicated cyst
what type of cyst has a solid component with a mural nodule
complex cyst
most common benign breast tumor
fibroadenoma
growth of a fibroadenoma is stimulated by
estrogen
most common intraductal mass and cause of bloody nipple discharge
papilloma
borderline or transitional breast mass between benign and malignant; grows rapidly and can be large
phyllodes tumor
fatty tumor, usually palpable and very soft
lipoma
infection, pain and swelling causes redness on skin
mastitis
thrombophlebitis of superficial vein with a palpable rope like lesion
Mondor’s disease
results from benign proliferation of fibrous, glandular, and fatty tissue
Fibroadenolipoma
whats another name for fibroadenolipoma
hamartoma
benign breast tumor that typically occurs in the peri-partum period caused by estrogen
lactating adenoma
retention cyst containing milk or a milky substance and resolve after nursing
galactocele
what has a flame like appearance on ultrasound?
gynecomastia
in terms of cancer there are where sarcomas arise
stromal tissue
in terms of cancer these are where carcinomas arise
epithelium tissue
this non-invasive cancer id contained within the duct, has not spread
ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
non invasive tumor contained in the lobule and is considered a high risk lesion
lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
most common type of breast cancer
invasive ductal carcinoma (ICS)
what are the most common sites of metastasis from breast cancer are
liver, lung, bone, brain
most frequently missed cancer
invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)
solid mass that is commonly mistaken for benign fibroadenoma
medullary carcinoma
this malignant lesion produces mucous
colloid carcinoma
crusted, scaly, red nipple/areola associated with IDC
Paget’s disease
aggressive IDC invading the lymph system “peau’d orange”
inflammatory carcinoma
starts in the connective tissue can be benign or malignant and grows rapidly
phyllodes tumor
