Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Women's Health > Breast Disorders > Flashcards

Breast Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

components of a breast inspection?

A

skin changes/erythema, retraction, scaling, and edema (peau d’orange)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

breast palpation includes:

A

all breast tissue, axillae, and supraclavicular area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 components of the full breast exam:

A

breast inspection, breast palpation, lymph node evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is “witch’s milk”?

A

bilateral milky discharge in newborns due to maternal hormone stimulation; transient (several weeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

thelarche refers to?

A

start of breast growth, usually between 8-13 y/o.
younger = less fat, more dense
older = more fat, less dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cyclic mastalgia

A

usually bilateral and related to normal hormonal changes (like menstrual cycle or cyclically adminstered hormones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

non-cyclic mastalgia

A

*more concerning for pathology.
* causes:
- lesions of breast/chest wall (cyst, tumor, malignancy)
- mastitis
- trauma
- thrombophlebitis
* consider breast imaging for focal mastalgia not explained by obvious causes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mastalagia associated with breast cancer is more likely ________

A

unilateral, intense, and progressive [non-cyclic mastalgia].
consider breast imaging for focal mastalgia not explained by obvious causes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is Mondor disease?
what is found on exam?
what is it associated with?

A

superficial thrombophlebitis of lateral thoracic vein. palpable cord on exam. associated with breast CA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mastalgia trx?

A

supportive measures:
NSAIDs/APAP
diet changes
evening primrose oil
danazol 100mg bid
tamoxifen 10mg qd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

causes of extramammary pain?

A
  • costochondritis
  • chest wall trauma
  • rib fractures
  • herpes zoster
  • angina
  • GERD
  • variety of meds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

puerperal mastitis

A

Inflammation of breast within 6 weeks of giving birth.
Causes warmth, tenderness, and diffuse erythema.
Systemic sx - fever, myalgias, leukocytosis
Most common cause is Staph aureus.
Pt should continue to breastfeed to prevent stasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nonpuerperal mastitis

A

Uncommon.
Inflammation of breast not related to pregnancy/lactation/birth.
Includes periareolar/periductal mastitis, or Peripheral Abscesses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Periareolar/Periductal Mastitis

A

Nonpuerperal mastitis.

Presents w/ areolar inflammation +/- abscess.
Common in younger women.

Trx - oral abx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Peripheral abscesses (mastitis)

A

Nonpuerperal, non-periductal mastitis.

Can be associated with trauma, DM, steroids, RA

Trx - aspiration or I&D, culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

galactorrhea

A

Spontaneous milky nipple discharge, usually bilateral and with amenorrhea.

Caused by hyperprolactinemia (NOT by intrinsic breast disease).

Trx - depends on cause;
bromocriptine; cabergoline. Observation may be sufficient if mild.

17
Q

Causes of galactorrhea

A

Hyperprolactinemia due to:
- meds (antipsychotics*, antidepressants, hormones, etc)
- physio conditions
- neoplastic processes
- chest wall irritation

18
Q

Causes of nipple discharge (aside from galactorrhea)

A
  • intraductal papilloma
  • milk duct polyps
  • if discharge is unilateral, uniductal, or spontaneous - and clear, serous, or bloody - then higher risk of malignancy&raquo_space; eval with US
19
Q

What kind of nipple discharge is concerning for malignancy?

A

if it is unilateral, uniductal, or spontaneous
and
clear, serous, or bloody
- eval with US

20
Q

breast cysts - source, description, diagnostic

A
  • benign; arise from apocrine metaplasia of lobules
  • SOFT, SMOOTH, MOBILE
  • breast US
21
Q

breast cyst types and what is seen on US for each

A

simple - sonolucent on US (clear, black, anechoic fluid)

complicated - internal echoes; should be drained; if does not resolve, then biopsy

complex - septa or masses; excission recommended

22
Q

breast fibroadenoma - source, description

A
  • proliferation of epithelial and stromal elements
  • RUBBERY, SMOOTH, MOBILE, W/ DISTINCT MARGINS
  • *MCC of breast masses in adolescents and young women (med. age:25yo)
23
Q

breast fibroadenoma - source, description, diagnostic

A
  • benign; proliferation of epithelial and stromal elements
24
Q

breast cyst trx

A

observe; may be aspirated if painful

25
Q

breast fibroadenoma trx

A

Monitor. if growing or bothersome, excise it.

26
Q

galactocele

A
  • cystic dilation of ducts
  • painless mass palpable usually in central portion of breast
  • most commonly presents during breastfeeding; can get infected
27
Q

trx for galactocele?

A

supportive; usually self resolves

28
Q

fat necrosis of breast

A
  • breast mass that can develop after blunt trauma, breast surgery, radiation or injection of foreign substance
    -SOLITARY, IRREGULAR, ILL-DEFINED MASS
  • clinically difficult to distinguish from malignant mass
29
Q

phyllodes tumor

A
  • fibroepithelial tumor; rare
  • single enlarging breast mass (FIRM, CIRCUMSCRIBED, MOBILE)
  • VARIES; can be benign, intermediate, or malignant
30
Q

trx for phyllodes tumor?

A

if biopsy confirms, then wide local excision with 1+ cm margins to decrease likelihood of local recurrence

31
Q

Breast cancer is the ____ most common cancer diagnosed in women.

A

second most common

32
Q

breast cancer mortality rate has ______ significantly over the past 50 yrs due to _________.

A

decreased; early detection and improvements in trx

33
Q

risk factors of breast CA in women

A
  • FMHx of breast, ovarian, prostate, or pancreatic cancer
  • known deleterious gene mutation (BRCA)
  • nulliparity
  • early menarche/late menopause
  • hx of LCIS or atypical hyperplasia
  • age
  • HRT
  • hx of chest irradiation
34
Q

breast cancer trx

A

depends on staging and hormone receptor status; surgery, chemo, radiation, hormonal therapy

35
Q

breast cancer screening for avg risk women

A
  • mammogram (offer at 40 y/o, then done annually; allows detection at early stage; sojourn time)
  • clinical breast exam
  • self exam
36
Q

US for breast cancer screening

A

NOT RECOMMENDED AS SCREENING FOR WOMEN AT AVG RISK.
used for: inconclusive mammograms, young pts w dense breast tissue, differentiating cyst vs solid mass, and guiding tissue core needle biopsy

37
Q

MRI for breast cancer screening

A
  • used as adjunct to mammogram
  • ACS rec’s for women with >20% liftetime risk (have BRCA1/BRCA2, first degree relative with BRCA, hx of chest rads at 10-30yo)

Women's Health (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions