Breast conditions Flashcards
Which is the most common pathogen causing breast abscess?
A. S epidermidis
B. S aureus
C. E Coli
B
Which of these are risk factors for breast abscess?
(can be more than one)
A. Lactation B. Obesity C. Hypertension D. Smoking E. Xs alcohol F. Large breasts
A, B, D and F
Breast abscesses occur most commonly in which age range?
A. 35-50
B. 20-55
C. 15-45
C. Presumably because those are commonest child bearing age, and usually occurs in breast feeding mums
How often does breast abscess occur in women with mastitis?
3-11%
Which of these are NOT a type of mastitis
A. Lactating mastitis
B. Non-lactating mastitis
C. Cyclical mastitis
D. Neonatal mastitis
C.
What causes neonatal mastitis?
maternal hormones result in transiently enlarged breasts
What proportion of neonatal mastitis progress to breast abscess?
A. 20%
B. 30%
C. 45%
D. 50%
D.
What are the 2 main causes of breast abscess?
Lactational and duct ectasia. Both can lead to blocked ducts.
Define duct ectasia. How does this contribute to the formation of breast abscess?
Duct ectasia = milk duct beneath nipple widens, duct walls thicken and the duct fills with fluid – associated with peri-menopausal women
Blocks + inflames ducts = prone to infection
When do breast abscesses usually form after giving birth?
A. 2-5 weeks
B. 3-8 weeks
C. 7-13 weeks
D. 6-9 weeks
B.
Which of these are not first line ix for breast abscess?
A. FBC
B. Breast USS
C. Needle aspiration
D. Culture + sensitivity of aspirate
A.
Can lactational patients still breast feed?
Mostly yes
What are symptoms to look out for in baby if breast feeding and on abx?
Signs of systemic illness, diaper rash
What are some management options for a breast abscess?
Conservative: promote effective milk removal (avoid stasis)
Medical: pain relief + abx
Surgical: needle aspiration, surgical incision + drainage
Which of these age groups are fibrocystic breasts most common?
A. 25-29 years
B. 40-44 years
C. 45-49 years
C. Peak incidence is between 3rd-4th decade of life.
Which of these is NOT a risk factor for fibrocystic breasts?
A. oestrogen replacement therapy B. Late-onset menopause C. Later age at first childbirth D. Late menarche E. Nulliparity
D.
Which of these are true of pain experienced in fibrocystic breasts?
A. often bilateral
B. not associated with hormonal changes
C. precedes menses by a few days and stops shortly after
D. sharp constant pain
A and C
Which of these are not first line investigations for fibrocystic breasts?
A. mammography
B. breast USS
C. cyst aspiration
D. CA 125 blood test
C and D
Does having fibrocystic breasts increase the risk of getting breast cancer?
fibrocystic changes don’t correlate with increased risk of breast cancer.
HOWEVER, it reflects a broad spectrum of conditions, some of which may increase the risk of breast cancer
What are the 2 first line treatments for fibrocystic breasts?
1 ) supportive – reassuring the patient that the breast pain/lumpiness it is just the effects of hormonal cycling
2) analgesics – paracetamol/ibuprofen/aspirin
What is the 2nd line treatment for fibrocystic breasts and when should it be considered?
Hormonal therapy – tamoxifen
If breast pain is:
1) severe
2) >6mths
3) interfering with daily activities
Primary invasive breast cancer makes up what percentage of all new cancer cases in women?
A. 20%
B. 25%
C. 30%
D. 35%
B.
Which of these are NOT risk factors for primary invasive breast cancer?
A. Younger age B. Family history C. Genetic predisposition D. Decreased breast density E. Xs alcohol consupmtion F. Smoking
A. and D. (it’s older age and increased density thats a risk factor)
Which of these symptoms/signs are consistent with primary invasive breast cancer?
A. bilateral breast tenderness
B. axillary lymphadenopathy
C. smooth, well demarcated & mobile mass
D. tethering of the breast
B. and D.
