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Breast Health > Breast Conditions > Flashcards

Breast Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Give some examples of in-situ breast malignancies

A

Intraductal carcinoma in-situ
Lobular carcinoma in-situ
Paget’s disease

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2
Q

Give some examples of invasive breast malignancies

A 
Cribiform carcinoma
Inflammatory carcinoma
Lobular carcinoma
Secretory carcinoma
Tubular adenocarcinoma
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3
Q

Give some clinical risk factors for breast cancer

A 
Female
Age
Gene mutations
Atypical ductal/lobular hyperplasia
Lobular carcinoma in-situ
Atypical epithelial hyperplasia
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4
Q

Give some epidemiological risk factors for breast cancer

A 
Age >30 first birth
Early menarche
Family history
Nulliparity
Postmenopausal obesity
Late menopause
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5
Q

What are the common ways for breast cancer to present?

A

Dimpled skin
Visible lump
Nipple/texture/colour change
Bloody discharge

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6
Q

What is used to definitively diagnose breast cancer?

A

Image-guided tissue core-needle biopsy

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7
Q

Lobular carcinoma in-situ spreads diffusely with what typical histological pattern?

A

Indian file

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8
Q

What occurs in breast-conserving surgery?

A

A wide local excision removes all the cancer without removing the whole breast

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9
Q

What therapy also usually takes place with breast conserving surgery?

A

Radiotherapy

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10
Q

What occurs in mastectomy?

A

The entire breast and axillary lymph nodes are removed

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11
Q

Women who undergo mastectomy are candidates for which surgery?

A

Breast reconstruction

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12
Q

Give some indications for post-mastectomy radiation therapy

A

Involvement of >3 nodes
Positive surgical margins
Tumour >5cm

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13
Q

What is the most commonly used hormonal therapy for breast cancer?

A

Tamoxifen

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14
Q

Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody which targets what?

A

HER-2

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15
Q

What is the most common benign neoplasm of the breast?

A

Fibroadenoma

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16
Q

How is fibroadenoma diagnosis confirmed?

A

USS core biopsy

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17
Q

How do fibroadenomas most commonly present?

A

Palpable mass that is firm, mobile and smooth

18
Q

What treatment can be done for fibroadenomas?

A

Removal via percutaneous vacuum-assisted core biopsy or BCS

19
Q

Fibroadenomas occur in older women while Phyllodes tumours occur in younger women. True/false?

A

False - fibroadenomas occur in early reproductive stage while Phyllodes occur in older women

20
Q

Phyllodes tumours tend to increase in size. True/false?

A

True

21
Q

What are the two main variants of mastalgia?

A

Cyclic and non-cyclic

22
Q

Give some characteristics of the cyclic variant of mastalgia

A

Bilateral, diffuse and most intense during the immediate premenstrual phase

23
Q

Give some characteristics of the non-cyclic variant of mastalgia

A

Localised and more persistent

24
Q

How is mastalgia treated?

A

Use of well-fitting bra
Regular exercise
Primrose oil
Tamoxifen

25
Q

When do breast cysts tend to occur?

A

Late reproductive years

26
Q

Describe how a breast cyst may present

A

Palpable, smooth, clearly defined and mobile

27
Q

What method can be used to both diagnose and treat a breast cyst?

A

Fine needle aspiration

28
Q

Bloody cyst fluid is commonly a sign of what?

A

Intracystic papilloma

29
Q

How is an intracystic papilloma diagnosed?

A

USS-guided core biopsy

30
Q

Intraductal papillomas are the most common cause of what presenting complaint?

A

Spontaneous nipple discharge

31
Q

How may Paget’s disease of the nipple present?

A

Erythematous weeping lesion of nipple surface

Scaly eczematous lesion

32
Q

How is Paget’s disease of the nipple diagnosed?

A

Histologic tissue biopsy

33
Q

Puerperal mastitis will usually clear with a course of antibiotics. True/false?

A

True

34
Q

Give some clinical signs of mastitis

A 
Fever
Erythema
Induration
Tenderness
Swelling
35
Q

How does a breast abscess present?

A

Bulging mass in the central area of mastitis

36
Q

How is a breast abscess managed?

A

USS and drainage

37
Q

What treatment is given for periareolar fistulae?

A

Surgical excision

38
Q

Fat necrosis is most commonly secondary to what?

A

Breast trauma

39
Q

What is a galactocele?

A

A palpable milk-filled cyst

40
Q

How is galactocele diagnosed and treated?

A

FNA

41
Q

What occurs in Mondor’s disease?

A

Phlebitis and clot formation in the superficial veins of the breast

42
Q

How does Mondor’s disease commonly present?

A

Firm vertical cord-like structure secondary to breast trauma

Breast Health (5 decks)

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