Breast cancer - Level 1

Question 1

which cancer cause most deaths? which is second?

Answer 1

1st - lung cancer

2nd - breast

Question 2

what is the survival rate of women with breast cancer in the 60s vs 2005?

Answer 2

5-year survival rates of 63% in the early 1960s

90% during 1995-2005.

Question 3

What are the two major group type of noninvasive neoplasms of the breast?

Answer 3

LCIS and DCIS:
Lobular carcinoma in situ
Ductal carcinoma in situ

Question 4

How does the staging for breast cancer is determined?

Answer 4

first - clinically by physical examination and imaging studies before treatment.
secondly - primary tumor and regional lymph nodes pathologically after definitive surgical treatment.

Question 5

Breast cancer stage - T, basic only

Answer 5

T1: <20mm
T2: 20-50mm
T3: >50mm
T4: Tumor of any size with direct extension to the chest wall and/or to the skin

Question 6

Breast cancer staging - pN1

Answer 6

pN1 - Micrometastases; or metastases in 1-3 axillary nodes and/or in internal mammary nodes with metastases detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy but not clinically detected

Question 7

Breast cancer staging - pN2

Answer 7

pN2 - Metastases in 4-9 axillary nodes or in clinically detected internal mammary lymph nodes in the absence of axillary lymph node metastases

Question 8

Breast cancer staging - pN3

Answer 8

pN3 - etastases in ≥10 axillary nodes; or in infraclavicular (level III axillary nodes) or in clinically detected ipsilateral internal mammary lymph nodes in the presence of one or more positive level I, II axillary nodes; or in >3 axillary lymph nodes and internal mammary lymph nodes, with micrometastases or macrometastases detected by sentinel lymph node biopsy but not clinically detected; or in ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes

Question 9

What is the most common sites of distant metastases from breast cancer?

Answer 9

liver, lungs, and bones

Question 10

Which patients with breast cancer should do Computed tomography scans, bone scans, or other imaging studies

Answer 10

abnormalities on blood chemistry tests or chest radiographs

locally advanced or inflammatory breast cancer

Question 11

1) What is the first step of intervention for non metastatic early stage breast cacner?
2) who should recieve systemic therapy before surgery?

Answer 11

1) Excision of the tumor and surgical staging of the regional lymph nodes.
2) Locally advanced and inflammatory breast cancers

Question 12

important history before breast cancer surgery

Answer 12

Age, family history, menopausal status, and overall health
BRCA
Location of the tumor within the breast
Tumor size relative to breast size

Question 13

Which patients should undergo mastectomy? Why?

Answer 13

Breast-conserving surgery must be followed with postoperative radiation therapy
A mastectomy is generally recommended for patients who have contraindications to radiation therapy

Question 14

Location of Level I axillary lymph nodes

Answer 14

Inferior and lateral to the pectoralis minor muscle

Question 15

Location of Level II axillary lymph nodes

Answer 15

Posterior to the pectoralis minor and below the axillary vein

Question 16

Location of Level III axillary lymph nodes

Answer 16

Medial to the pectoralis minor and against the chest wall;