Breast Cancer Flashcards
How to do a breast exam
BSE should be one 5-7 days after period and at the same time every month post post menopausal women
Use finger pandas
In front of mirror
Up and down
Circles
Wedges
Raise arms
Lying down shower
Signs and symptoms
Lump or thickening of breast
UOQ
hard non mobile fixed single irregularly shaped
Discharge is clear or bloody and unilateral
Orange peel skin
Nipple retraction
Dimpling of skin
What should breast CA screening start
Age 40? Discuss with HCP depending on risks
Age 45 yearly
55 every other year depending on preferences
55+ regular if in good health (10 year life span)
Diagnosis
Mammography
The younger the more dense tissue is and harder it is to see
Screen for disorder and dx
Barriers to screening
Pain embarassment fear
Lack of insurance
Lack of knowledge
Lack of trust
Language
No transportation
Risk factors
Female
Age greater than. 40
Genes
Family HD
Personal bc
Lifestyle etch
Overweight
Decreased physical
Smoking
Chemicals
Hormonal risk factors
Never full term preg
Breastfeeding
Early menarche
Late menopause
Oral contraception
Hormone therapy
BRCA GENE
BRCA 1+2increase BC risk and ovarian cancer risk
Lifetime risk
Prophylactic surgery oorphorectomy mastectomy
How can I minimize my risk?
Healthy weight
Stop smoking
Exercise
Avoid ETOH
Genetic testing
Screening
Breast cancer in males
Less than one percent of cases mostly older men
BRCA genes
CBE at 35 if BRCA present
Prostrate screening at 35
Diagnostic testing
Mammogram
US
Biopsy 1-3 days
Fine needle aspiration core needle
Lumpho jodes
MRI
Staging
TNM
tumor size
Nodal involved
Mets
Stage 0 in site no lymph nodes involved no Mets
Stage 4 Mets 16 percent survival
Hormone receptors
Estrogens
Progesterone
HER 2
Triple negative hormone receptors
Do not respond to hormone therapy only chemo
Lumpectomy
Removes tumor and marginal tissue
May take 2-3 surgeries
And require radiation and chemo if incidence of reoccurrence
Contraindications are breast size too small multifocal masses and calificaciones
Masses in more than one quadrant
Prior radiation
Time commitment of 5-7 weeks travel and access to tx mastectomy might be better
Mastectomy
Total is localized removes entire breast
Modified radical lymph nodes and breast
Tram flap
Implants
Complications
Lymphedema
6 ps of tissue
Limb alert no BO or labs
Post op exercise
ROM
Reprt swelling dishinence fever chills infection
Elevate
Flex and extend
