Breast Cancer Flashcards
breast cancer
commonest cancer in females
causes
early period late menopause alcohol use of combined pill previous cancer family history late age
what genes are common with breast cancer
BRCA1 BRCA2
signs
irregular hard lump skin change nipple discharge sensitive breasts lymphadenopathy
types of cancer
invasive ductal
invasive lobular
ductal carcinoma
lobular carcinoma
investigations
clinical examination
imaging
core needle biopsy
what imaging is used
<35 yrs - USS
>35 yrs - mammogram
what hormones are involved in the tumours
oestrogen
progesterone
HER2
what is used to stage the cancer
TNM
surgical management
small lumps:
wide local excision + adjuvant RT
large lumps:
mastectomy
chemo if not fit for surgery
+ breast reconstruction
medical mangement
HER2:
pre-menopause - tamoxifone
post-menopause - anastrozole
oestrogen:
trastuzumab
what is the screening programme
50-70yrs every three years
when can a patient be referred
urgent:
over 30 and unexplained lump
over 50 with nipple discharge, breast cancer skin changes
non-urgent:
under 30 with unexplained lump
first/second degree relative with history of breast cancer before 40yrs
family male history of breast cancer
bilateral breast cancer, first one diagnosed before 50yrs
2 first degree relatives or one first degree, one second degree relatives
first/second degree relative with ovarian and breast cancer
what is Paget’s disease of nipple
eczema changes
underlying breast malignancy
