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Y3 Breast Conditions > Breast Cancer > Flashcards

Breast Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Layer of cells affected in breast cancer

A

Epithelial

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2
Q

Hormone receptors found in breast cancer that can be targeted as part of Tx

A
  • oestrogen (ER)
  • progesterone (PR)
  • HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2)
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3
Q

Most common form of breast cancer (hint: it’s pre-cancerous)

A

Ductal cell carcinoma in Situ

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4
Q

Anatomical location of DCCIS

A

Localised to wall of ducts into lumen

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5
Q

Presentation of DCCIS on mammogram

A

Micro-calcifications

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6
Q

The invasion of what layer makes DCCIS invasive ductal carcinoma

A

Basement membrane

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7
Q

Forms 80% of invasive breast cancer cases

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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8
Q

This disease is caused by the spread of DCIS releasing mobility factors that allow cancer cells to settle between squamous epithelial cells

A

Pager disease

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9
Q

Presentation of Paget disease

A
  • inflammation
  • nipple discharge
  • itchy
  • eczema
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10
Q

Definition of lobular carcinoma in situ

A

Cluster of tumour cells in lobules

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11
Q

Location & distribution of lobar carcinoma on situ

A

Bilateral & multi-centric

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12
Q

Why is lobular cell carcinoma in situ impalpable

A

Sparse distribution of tumour cells

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13
Q

Presentations of lobular cell carcinoma in situ

A
  • small
  • bland
  • uniform
  • single row proliferations
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14
Q

Buzzword associated with inflammatory breast cancer

A

Abscess/mastitis

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15
Q

Symptoms of inflammatory breast cancer

A

Peau d’ orange

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16
Q

Does inflammatory breast cancer respond to Abx

A

No

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17
Q

Prognosis of inflammatory breast cancer compared to other cancers

A

Worse

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18
Q

Patient age and gene associated with medullary carcinoma

A
  • young

- BRCA1

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19
Q

Explain the appearance of the solid sheets found in medullary carcinoma

A

Anaplastic cells with larger pleomorphic nuclei (frequent mitosis)

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20
Q

Lymphatic infiltration can be found surround what tumour

A

Medullary carcinoma

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21
Q

Prognosis of medullary carcinoma compared to ductal

A

Better

22
Q

The 2Ls2Bs metastatic spread of breast cancer

A
  • lungs, liver

- bones, brain

23
Q

Describe the following of malignant lumps:

  • softness
  • pattern
  • pain
  • location
  • axillary spread
A
  • hard
  • irregular
  • painless
  • fixed to deep tissue
  • spread via lymph
24
Q

What is peau d’ orange seen in breast cancer

A

Dimpling of skin

25
Q

Explain the nipple retraction seen in breast cancer

A
  • suspension ligament

- lactiferous duct fibrosis

26
Q

A chromosome 17 mutation that increases the risk of breast, bowel and prostate cancer

A

BRCA1

27
Q

A chromosome 13 mutation that increase the risk fo breast cancer

A

BRCA2

28
Q

Other mutations that increase the risk of breast cancer

A
  • TP53
  • ERBBB2
  • PTEN
29
Q

Female relevant factors that increase the risk of breast cancer (think menopause, menarche, pregnancy)

A
  • early menarche
  • late menopause
  • late pregnancy
  • HRT/OCP
30
Q

The inflammation in breast cancer can damage what structures that lead to fibrosis

A
  • suspension ligament

- lactiferous ducts

31
Q

Regional tissues invaded in breast cancer

A
  • pec muscles
  • skin
  • blood/lymph spread
32
Q

Explain the skin dimpling of peau d’ orange

A
  • blocked lymph vessels
  • +++ lymph
  • sespensory ligament doesn’t allow stretching —> thick & dimpled skin
33
Q

Target group for 3-y mammogram

A

50-70

34
Q

Who is invited to annual mammograms

A

High-risk

35
Q

Direction of mammogram

A

Caudal-cranial/mediolateral oblique

36
Q

Triple assessment includes

A
  • physical examination
  • mammogram
  • biopsy/FNA
37
Q

A >30 qualifies for a 2-w referral if she has …. or

A
  • unexplained breast lump

- unexplained axillary lump

38
Q

A >50 qualifies for a 2-w referral if she has

A

Unilateral nipple changes

39
Q

Non-adjuvant chemo is given

A

Before surgery

40
Q

The growth of which hormone receptor positive cancer cells can be promoted via blocking hormonal effect in med Tx

A
  • HER2
  • ER
  • PR
41
Q

Oestrogen receptor antagonist (selective oestrogen receptor modulator) that is used against ER +ve tumours

A

Tamoxifen

42
Q

Is tamoxifen used in pre or post menopausal

A

Pre-menopausal

43
Q

Tamoxifen has a preventative role in

A

Osteoporosis

44
Q

Tamoxifen poses an increased risk of what cancer

A

Endometrial

45
Q

Aromatase inhibitor that targets ER +ve tumours

A

Anastrozole/letrazole

46
Q

Mechanism of aromatase

A

Androgen —> oestrogen in adipose tissue

47
Q

Duration of anastrozole

A

5-10 yrs

48
Q

Is anastrozole used in pre or post menopausal woman

A

Post menopausal

49
Q

Monoclonal Ab that targets HER2 +ve tumours

A

Trastuzmab/herceptin

50
Q

Cardiac complication of trastuzumab/herceptin

A

HF

51
Q

Drug that has the same mechanism as trastuzmab and is used in combination with it

A
  • pertuzumab

- perjeta

52
Q

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in HER2 +ve tumours

A

Neratinib

Y3 Breast Conditions (5 decks)

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