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Surgery Shelf > Breast/Bites > Flashcards

Breast/Bites Flashcards

1
Q

What is the danger, presentation, and treatment of Snakebite

A
  • Danger: Slit-like eyes, cobra cowl, rattlers
  • Pt: Erythema, skin changes, pain at site
  • Tx: Anti-venom IV, if you dont have that use a tourniquet/cut/suck the venom out
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2
Q

What is the danger, presentation and tx of a black widow bite?

A
  • Danger: Black spider with hourglass belly
  • Pt: Abdominal pain, pancreatitis
  • Tx: IV calcium gluconate
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3
Q

What is the danger, presentation and tx of a brown recluse

A
  • Danger: Attic, boxes, and ulcer at bite site
  • Pt: Necrotic ulcer with ring of erythema
  • Tx: Wide debridement, grafts
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4
Q

What is the danger, presentation and tx of a human bite

A
  • Danger: Sex, fist fight, zombies
  • Pt: Laceration only
  • Tx: Wash, abx and drain if abscess
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5
Q

What is the danger, presentation and tx of a rabies bite

A

Danger: Domesticated animal and provoked = observe, Wild animal = kill and biopsy

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6
Q

What are the normal treatments for bee stings and what do you do for anaphylaxis?

A
  • Normal: Remove pincer, treat pain
  • Anaphylaxis: IM Epi 1:1000
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7
Q

What do you do if you cant kill and biopsy a wild animal that bites a person?

A
  • (+) Bx -> IgG + Vaccine
  • (-) Bx -> Observe
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8
Q

What is the treatment for Her2Neu+ breast cancer?

A

Trastuzumab

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9
Q

What are the treatment methods for ERPR + breast cancer patients?

A
  • Aromatase inhibitors if postmenopause
  • SERM if premenopause
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10
Q

Stage 1-4 breast cancer chemo options

A

Anthracycline, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel

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11
Q

What is the procedure for evaulating a lump in a patient under 30

A
  1. Reassurance (2-3 cycles)
  2. If persists = get ultrasond
  3. If ultrasound shows area= aspirate
  4. If cyst resolves = reassurance
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12
Q

What is the procedure for evaulating a lumb in a patient over 30

A
  1. Ultrasond shows mast
  2. if aspirate is blody or cyst recurs
  3. Go to mammogram for biopsy
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13
Q

What are the two available techniques for screening for breast cancer?

A
  • USPTF: Start at 50 go every 2 years
  • ACS/NCI start at 40 go every 1 year
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14
Q

What is the equvalent of a mastectomy + ALND?

A

Lumpectomy + RT + ALND

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15
Q

What are the preventative measures for a BRCA 1/2 mutation?

A

Prophylactic mastectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

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16
Q

What is the recommended treatment for bladder cancer?

A

Transurethreal resection + BCG or Cisplatin based chemo

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17
Q

What do the stone sizes correspond to in terms of actions?

A
  • .5 cm = fluid and analgesics
  • .7 cm = add MET
  • 1.5 cm = stenting or lithotripsy
  • Over 1.5 = surgery
18
Q

What is Reynolds pentad?

A

Hypotension and AMS indicates cholangitis

19
Q

What is the physical definition of shock?

A

SYS BP <90 or Uoutput <0.5 mL/kg/hr

20
Q

What is the rule of nines?

A
  • Head: 9
  • Front of arm: 4.5
  • Back of arm: 4.5
  • Front Upper chest: 9
  • Front Abdomen: 9
  • Back: (same as front)
  • Front of leg: 9
  • Back of leg: 9
21
Q

What are the features of electrical burns

A
  • Arrhythmias
  • Posterior shoulder dislocation
  • Demyelination
22
Q

MONA BASH

A

–Morphine sulfate for severe pain.
–Oxygen via nasal cannula to keep SaO2 > 92%
–Nitroglycerin (NTG) 0.3-0.6 mg SL q5min PRN chest pain. Max: 3 doses within 15 minutes.
–Aspirin. The first tab is 325 (chew), then 81mg QD after that. Avoid enteric coated Aspirin.
–Beta-blocker. Metoprolol tartrate 25mg po q6h
–ACE. Watch BP. May wait to see BB work if concerned about BP or start low dose, e.g. Lisinopril 5mg po BID
–Statin. High-intensity statin for all patients with ACS – atorvastatin 80mg po Qbedtime or rosuvastatin 20-40 mg daily.
–Heparin. For all patients with non-ST elevation ACS, start anticoagulation ASAP after you’ve made the diagnosis. Will start heparin instead of Lovenox. Heparin is easily reversible if needed. 60 U/kg IVB (max 4000 U); 12 U/kg/hr (max 1000 U/hr initially).

23
Q

Which alcohols produce an anion gap

A

Methanol and ethylene glycol

24
Q

What is the treatment method for cyanide poisoning?

A

Thiosulfate and amyl nitrate

25
Q

What is a treament for carbon monoxide poisoning?

A

100% FiO2 and hyperbaric

26
Q

Organophosphate toxicity causes what?

A

SLUDGE

Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, gastrointestinal upset, emesis

27
Q

What is the treatment method for organophosphate toxicity?

A

Atropine and pralidoxime

28
Q

What are the medical managements for peripheral vascular disease

A
  • Anti-platelets: Aspirin will do but clopidogrel if stented
  • Cilostazol or pentoxifylline for symptom control only, no impact on outcomes
29
Q

How long do you have to gain control of acute limb ischemia

A

6 hours

30
Q

What is the difference between bovine valves and mechanical valves

A
  • Bovine last <10 years duration and doesnt need anticoagulation
  • Mechanical 10-20 years duration and requires anticoagulation (warfarin)
31
Q

What are the indications of sulfonylurea abuse?

A

Increased insulin, INCREASED C PEPTIDE, and positive sulfonylurea screen

32
Q

What is dupuytrens contracture?

A

Palpable nodules on hands of alcoholic males or scandinavian ancestry leading to unable to extend because fascia is contracted and balled up into nodes. Treat with surgery

33
Q

What is Felon?

A

Abscess found in the pulp of the fingertip following a penetrating injury

34
Q

What is mallet finger?

A

Injury leading to lack of ability to extend. Treat with splinting and NSAIDs or injections

35
Q

What is trigger finger?

A

Unable to extend finger, but when forced theres a pop

36
Q

What are the different elevations of gastrin and what do they mean?

A
  • Increased by 4 digits: Gastrinoma
  • 3 digits: Probably on PPI
  • 2 digits: Normal
37
Q

What are the features of wet macular degeneration? Treatment?

A

Wet: shows blood and fluid on fundocscopic exam. Tx with laser

38
Q

What are the treatment methods for dry macular degeneration

A

Supportive care

39
Q

What are the treatments for individuals of different age ranges in acute epididymitis

A
  • Under 35: Treat for STI with ceftriaxone and azithro
  • Over 35: Treated for E coli with cipro
40
Q

What is the treatment of atherosclerosis related erectile dysfunction

A

Sildenafil and controlling diseases

41
Q
A
42
Q
A

Surgery Shelf (2 decks)

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