Breast and Testicle Test Review

Question 1

3 layers of the breast

Answer 1

inferior to superior
retromammary layer
mammary layer
subcutaneous layer

Question 2

What are the most important signs to make sure a lesion is cystic?

Answer 2

devoid of echoes
smooth inner margins with capsule
posterior acoustic enhancement

Question 3

If a patient has clinical findings of lumpy, bumpy, painful tender breast with their monthly cycles. What type of breast disease is this?

Answer 3

fibrocystic condition

Question 4

What are the sonographic characteristics of fibroadenoma?

Answer 4

similar in shape
firm and rubbery in consistency
homogenously solid

Question 5

Lymphatic drainage from the breast generally flows to what lymph nodes?

Answer 5

axillary lymph nodes

Question 6

Describe the characteristics of breast carcinoma.

Answer 6

growing through the tissue 
retraction of nipples 
dimpling of skin 
taller than wide 
often follow the ductal system

Question 7

What is the primary purpose of breast screening?

Answer 7

early detection

Question 8

Know the face of the clock used for breast imaging

Answer 8

each breast is a clock face
each hour of the clock is a scan plane
right inner quadrants are medial and outer quadrants are lateral
left breast inner quadrants are medial and outer quadrants are lateral
each breast has 4 quadrants
12-3pm (1 quadrant)
3pm-6pm (1 quadrant)
6pm-9pm (1 quadrant)
9pm-12am (1 quadrant)
All quadrants are labeled by their locations
ex: right upper inner quadrant or left lower outer quadrant

Question 9

Normal extension of breast tissue into the axillary region is what?

Answer 9

tail of spence

Question 10

According to the ACS (American Cancer Society) all women should start getting annual mammogram screening is what age?

Answer 10

40

Question 11

What artery is responsible for supply blood to more than half of the breast?

Answer 11

internal mammary and thoracic artery

Question 12

What is a condition called when men have breast?

Answer 12

gynecomastia

Question 13

What are the advantages of breast ultrasound over mammography?

Answer 13

mammography is visually limited in differentiating solid round masses from fluid filled cysts

Question 14

What is the most common cause for acute scrotal pain in an adolescent?

Answer 14

torsion

Question 15

What is the common cause for scrotal pain in adults?

Answer 15

epididymis-orchitis

infection of the epididymis and testis

Question 16

What is the primary source of blood supply to the testicles?

Answer 16

testicular artery

Question 17

What is the fibrous skeleton that is responsible for maintaining shape of the breast?

Answer 17

Cooper’s ligament

Question 18

What part of the epididymis is a spermatocele located?

Answer 18

efferent ductules

Question 19

What transpires secondary to epididymitis?

Answer 19

orchitis

Question 20

Intratesticular cysts have an association with what?

Answer 20

extratesticular spermatoceles

Question 21

Microlithiasis of the testes is associated with what?

Answer 21

testicular malignancy

Question 22

Follow up exams of patients with microlithiasis is recommended how often?

Answer 22

Annually (once a year)

Question 23

Attached at the superior pole of the testes, between the epididymis and the testes is what structure?

Answer 23

appendix

Question 24

A hydrocele develops between what layers of the scrotum?

Answer 24

visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis

Question 25

What are the facts about undescended testes?

Answer 25

cryptorchidism
may be located in abdomen, inguinal canal or other ectopic location
80% testis are found in the inguinal canal and is usually palpable
testes descend during late in pregnancy and is more common in premature babies
cryptorchidism is bilateral in 10-25% of cases
surgical removal and implantation into the scrotum is called orchiopexy
testicular torsion is more common with undescended testes

Question 26

The functional portion of the breast consist oh how many lobes?

Answer 26

15 to 20 lobes

Question 27

Sonographic appearance of Cooper’s ligament?

Answer 27

echogenic and are dispersed in a linear pattern
best identified when the sound beam strikes at a perpendicular angle
compression of breast helps to visualize them

Question 28

What is the most common solid benign tumor of the breast?

Answer 28

fibroadenoma

Question 29

The most common clinical sign of the breast cancer is what?

Answer 29

a lump

Question 30

Ultrasound is often a benefit in guiding breast procedures for what?

Answer 30

cyst aspiration 
fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) 
drainage procedures 
preoperative needle (wire) localization 
large core needle biopsy 
vacuum assisted needle biopsy 
sentinel node biopsy

Question 31

If a patient is younger than 30 and is pregnant and also has a family history of breast cancer, what should be done first?

Answer 31

ultrasound exam

Question 32

What other modalities are used for breast imaging besides ultrasound?

Answer 32

mammography

Question 33

If you see a smooth mass on mammogram and they want correlating sonographic images, what will you see?

Answer 33

anechoic cyst with posterior acoustic enhancement

Question 34

What is the diameter of a viracocele?

Answer 34

more than 2 mm (>2mm)

Question 35

Whats the fibrous capsule surrounding the testicle?

Answer 35

tunica albuginea

Question 36

Normal measurements of the testicle

Answer 36

length 3-5 cm
width 2-4 cm
height 3 cm
epididymis 6-7 cm

Question 37

Sonographic characteristics of a testicle

Answer 37

smooth, medium gray structures with fine echotexture

homogeneous pattern with medium level echoes

Question 38

The echogenic linear strip that runs through the testes what is it called?

Answer 38

mediastinum testis

Question 39

What is the normal location of the epididymis?

Answer 39

beginning superiorly and then coursing posterolateral to the testis