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MAMMO > BREAST ANATOMY & MAMMO CORRELATION > Flashcards

BREAST ANATOMY & MAMMO CORRELATION Flashcards

1
Q

Rad exam of breasts

A

Mammography

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2
Q

Is mammogram a low-dose or high-dose exam?

A

low dose

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3
Q

Location of male breasts & female breasts

A

M - Sit atop the chest wall
F - Sit atop the chest wall & separated from the muscles by a tough connective tissue layer (FASCIA)

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4
Q

Breast parts of male breast

A
  • Nipple (pigmented elevation)
  • Areola (pigmented ring around nipple
  • Ducts
  • Fat (variable)
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5
Q

Breast parts of female breast

A
  • Nipple
  • Areola
  • lactiferous ducts (lead from glands to nipple)
  • Mammary glands (drain into ducts during lactation)
  • Fat (variable)
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6
Q

What are the different developmental stages?

A

At birth
Stage 1: pre-adolescent stage
Stage 2:
Stage 3: Pre-pubertal stage
Stage 4: Onset of puberty
Stage 5: Post-pubertal stage
During menstruation
During pregnancy & lactation
DUring menopause & post menopause

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7
Q

Who developed the 5 developmental stages of the breast?

A

Tanner

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8
Q

In this stage, Nipples start elevating above the level of chest wall and breast remain flat

A

Stage 1: pre-adolescent stage

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9
Q

from what age is stage 1?

A

8-13 yrs

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10
Q

Describe stage 2

A
  • Tenderness & pain upon subtle touch can mark the presence of this stage of budding
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11
Q

In this stage, BUDS appear, and the breast and nipple are raised. AREOLA gets larger

A

stage 2

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12
Q
  • Breasts are slightly larger, w/ glandular breast tissue present
  • Forms an initial conical shape w/c later transforms into a rounder shape
  • Area of areola starts to darken & puffiness can be seen
A

stage 3: pre-pubertal stage

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13
Q

Describe stage 4: onset of puberty

A
  • Areola & nipple become raised and proper breast contours are formed
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14
Q
  • Mature adult breast
  • Breasts becomes rounded & only the nipple is raised
A

Stage 5: Post-pubertal stage

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15
Q

What happens to the breast during menstruation?

A
  • Possible changes in the texture of breast (may range from tenderness to lumpiness)
  • Hormones are released by the glands in the breasts, enlarging them for possible pregnancy. If pregnancy doesn’t happen, it returns to normal size
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16
Q

During this event, there is rapid breast swelling & tenderness down the side of breasts & soreness of the nipples

A

Pregnancy & lactation

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17
Q

What happens to the breast during 5-6th month of pregnancy?

A

breasts are fully capable of producing milk

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18
Q
  • Prominence of blood vessels in the breasts and enlargement and darkening of areola happen
A

Pregnancy & lactation

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19
Q
  • Nipples pointing off to the sides instead of forward
  • Stretching & flattening
  • Widening of the gap between the breasts
  • Breast pain & lumpiness
A

Menopause & post-menopause

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20
Q

4 quadrants of the breast

A

Upper Inner Q
Upper Outer Q
Lower Inner Q
Lower Outer Q

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21
Q

the tail of breast tissue that extends into the underarm area

A

Tail of spence

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22
Q

center of breasts, contains milk duct openings

A

nipple

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23
Q

area of skin that’s darker than the rest of the breast

A

areola

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24
Q

make oily secretions to keep areola and nipple lubricated & protected

A

montgomery’s glands

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25
Q

What is the axillary tail?

A

extension of the upper outer quadrant of the breast

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26
Q

what is the inframammary fold?

A

where breast & chest meet

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27
Q

what are the breast margins?

A

Superior-Inferior; Axillary-Medial

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28
Q

What’s another term for cooper’s ligaments?

A

suspensory ligaments

29
Q

What are the different layers of the breast?

A
  • Subcutaneous Layer
  • Mammary layer
  • Retromammary Layer
  • Pectoralis Major muscle
  • Pectoralis Minor muscle
30
Q
  • Premammary layer
  • Lies between the skin and superficial layer of the superficial fascia
A

Subcutaneous layer

31
Q
  • Contains varied levels of fat related to age, obesity, and pregnancy
A

Subcutaneous layer

32
Q
  • Present across the breast except immediately posterior to the nipple
A

Subcutaneous layer

33
Q
  • Glandular/parenchymal layer
  • Between the superficial & deep layers of the superficial fascia
  • Most breast pathology originate in this layer
A

Mammary layer

34
Q

What are the 3 major types of tissue found in the mammary layer?

A

FIBROUS TISSUE
GLANDULAR/SECRETORY TISSUE
ADIPOSE/FATTY TISSUE

35
Q
  • Arranged in 10-15 overlapping lobes w/ collecting ducts that converge at the nipple
A

Glandular tissues

36
Q

what are the milk-producing glands found in the lobules of the glandular tissue?

A

acini

37
Q

These are clustered on the terminal ends of the ducts like grapes on a vine

A

acini

38
Q

What are milk ducts?

A

small tubes that transport milk from the lobules out to the tip of the nipple

39
Q
  • Terminal ends of the duct and the acini form small lobular units termed as
A

terminal ductal lobular units (tdlus)

40
Q
  • Located both between & w/in the lobes
  • Consist of dense connective tissue, loose connective tissue and fat
A

Mammary stroma

41
Q
  • Form a fibrous skeleton
  • Responsible for maintaining the shape & structure of the breast
A

Connective tissue septa

42
Q

another term for connective tissue septa

A

cooper’s ligaments

43
Q
  • Located posterior to the mammary layer
  • Contains varied levels of fat related to age, obesity and pregnancy
  • Allows breast motion over chest wall
A

Retromammary layer

44
Q
  • Lies posterior to retromammary layer and line the chest wall from the 2nd-6th from sternum to axilla
  • Main purpose is to control movement in the arm and shoulder, but they are also connected to the breasts
A

Pectoralis muscles

45
Q

What lies posterior to the pectoralis muscles?

A

ribs

46
Q

These are the most common palpable finding that is mistaken for a mass

A

ribs

47
Q
  • Lower border of this muscle forms the anterior margin of the axilla
A

pectoralis major

48
Q
  • Lies superolateral and posterior to the pectoralis major
A

pectoralis minor

49
Q

what are lymph nodes?

A

small, bean-shaped organs that help fight infection

50
Q

Produce & filter a colorless fluid (lymph) w/c contains WBC (lymphocytes)

A

lymph nodes

51
Q

filter & carry lymph from the breast to the lymph nodes

A

lymph vessels

52
Q

2 kinds of lymph nodes

A
  • INTRAMAMMARY NODES
  • AXILLARY LYMPH NODES
53
Q

What are the different arterial supply of blood to the breast?

A

lateral thoracic artery
internal thoracic artery (internal mammary artery)
thoracoacromial artery
intercostal artery

54
Q

What are the different venous drainage of blood to the breast?

A

superficial venous system
deep venous system

55
Q
  • Originates from the axillary artery & courses lateral & inferior along the pectoralis major muscle
  • Supplies lateral breast tissue
A

LATERAL THORACIC ARTERY

56
Q
  • Originates at the subclavian artery
  • Supplies medial breast tissues
A

INTERNAL THROACIC ARTERY (INTERNAL MAMMARY ARTERY)

57
Q

where does the thoracoacromial artery supply blood to?

A

superior breast tissues

58
Q

where does the intercostal artery supply blood to?

A

inferior breast tissues

59
Q
  • Lies w/in the subcutaneous fat tissue
A

SUPERFICIAL VENOUS SYSTEM

60
Q
  • Primary route of venous drainage of the breast system
  • Consists of veins that follow the arterial system
A

Deep venous system

61
Q

Give all the tissues of the breast and their kinds

A

EPITHELIAL CELL TYPES
* Luminal cells
* Myoepithelial cells

STROMA
* Interlobular stroma
* Intralobular stroma

STRUCTURES
* Large Ducts
* TDLU

62
Q
  • Form innermost layer lining ducts and acini
  • Cells are cuboidal to columnar in shape
A

Luminal cells

63
Q
  • Help produce & maintain basement membrane
  • Inhibit angiogenesis
  • Contract for milk ejection during breastfeeding
A

Myoeopithelial cells

64
Q
  • Form outermost layer between luminal cells & basement membrane
A

myoepithelial cells

65
Q
  • Responsible for majority of breast volume
A

Interlobular stroma

66
Q

what are the cellular components of the interlobular stroma?

A

FIBROBLASTS, MYOFIBROBLASTS, ADIPOCYTES, BLOOD, LYMPHATIC VESSELS

67
Q
  • Surrounds & supports acini of TDLU
  • Looser, more cellular appearance compared w/ interlobular stroma
  • Often has scattered lymphocytes & plasma cells
  • May be myxoid in appearance
A

Intralobular stroma

68
Q
  • Ducts ramify until they form TDLUs
  • Ductal systems vary considerably in size & extent, often overlap
A

Large duct system

69
Q
  • Refers to 30-50 acinar cells grouped together in a lobule and
    their associated terminal duct
  • Usually less than 2 mm in size
A

Terminal Ductal Lobular Units

MAMMO (2 decks)

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