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BREAST ANATOMY & MAMMO CORRELATION Flashcards

1
Q

Rad exam of breasts

A

Mammography

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2
Q

Is mammogram a low-dose or high-dose exam?

A

low dose

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3
Q

Location of male breasts & female breasts

A

M - Sit atop the chest wall
F - Sit atop the chest wall & separated from the muscles by a tough connective tissue layer (FASCIA)

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4
Q

Breast parts of male breast

A
  • Nipple (pigmented elevation)
  • Areola (pigmented ring around nipple
  • Ducts
  • Fat (variable)
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5
Q

Breast parts of female breast

A
  • Nipple
  • Areola
  • lactiferous ducts (lead from glands to nipple)
  • Mammary glands (drain into ducts during lactation)
  • Fat (variable)
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6
Q

What are the different developmental stages?

A

At birth
Stage 1: pre-adolescent stage
Stage 2:
Stage 3: Pre-pubertal stage
Stage 4: Onset of puberty
Stage 5: Post-pubertal stage
During menstruation
During pregnancy & lactation
DUring menopause & post menopause

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7
Q

Who developed the 5 developmental stages of the breast?

A

Tanner

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8
Q

In this stage, Nipples start elevating above the level of chest wall and breast remain flat

A

Stage 1: pre-adolescent stage

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9
Q

from what age is stage 1?

A

8-13 yrs

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10
Q

Describe stage 2

A
  • Tenderness & pain upon subtle touch can mark the presence of this stage of budding
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11
Q

In this stage, BUDS appear, and the breast and nipple are raised. AREOLA gets larger

A

stage 2

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12
Q
  • Breasts are slightly larger, w/ glandular breast tissue present
  • Forms an initial conical shape w/c later transforms into a rounder shape
  • Area of areola starts to darken & puffiness can be seen
A

stage 3: pre-pubertal stage

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13
Q

Describe stage 4: onset of puberty

A
  • Areola & nipple become raised and proper breast contours are formed
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14
Q
  • Mature adult breast
  • Breasts becomes rounded & only the nipple is raised
A

Stage 5: Post-pubertal stage

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15
Q

What happens to the breast during menstruation?

A
  • Possible changes in the texture of breast (may range from tenderness to lumpiness)
  • Hormones are released by the glands in the breasts, enlarging them for possible pregnancy. If pregnancy doesn’t happen, it returns to normal size
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16
Q

During this event, there is rapid breast swelling & tenderness down the side of breasts & soreness of the nipples

A

Pregnancy & lactation

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17
Q

What happens to the breast during 5-6th month of pregnancy?

A

breasts are fully capable of producing milk

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18
Q
  • Prominence of blood vessels in the breasts and enlargement and darkening of areola happen
A

Pregnancy & lactation

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19
Q
  • Nipples pointing off to the sides instead of forward
  • Stretching & flattening
  • Widening of the gap between the breasts
  • Breast pain & lumpiness
A

Menopause & post-menopause

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20
Q

4 quadrants of the breast

A

Upper Inner Q
Upper Outer Q
Lower Inner Q
Lower Outer Q

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21
Q

the tail of breast tissue that extends into the underarm area

A

Tail of spence

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22
Q

center of breasts, contains milk duct openings

A

nipple

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23
Q

area of skin that’s darker than the rest of the breast

A

areola

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24
Q

make oily secretions to keep areola and nipple lubricated & protected

A

montgomery’s glands

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25
What is the axillary tail?
extension of the upper outer quadrant of the breast
26
what is the inframammary fold?
where breast & chest meet
27
what are the breast margins?
Superior-Inferior; Axillary-Medial
28
What's another term for cooper's ligaments?
suspensory ligaments
29
What are the different layers of the breast?
* Subcutaneous Layer * Mammary layer * Retromammary Layer * Pectoralis Major muscle * Pectoralis Minor muscle
30
* Premammary layer * Lies between the skin and superficial layer of the superficial fascia
Subcutaneous layer
31
* Contains varied levels of fat related to age, obesity, and pregnancy
Subcutaneous layer
32
* Present across the breast except immediately posterior to the nipple
Subcutaneous layer
33
* Glandular/parenchymal layer * Between the superficial & deep layers of the superficial fascia * Most breast pathology originate in this layer
Mammary layer
34
What are the 3 major types of tissue found in the mammary layer?
FIBROUS TISSUE GLANDULAR/SECRETORY TISSUE ADIPOSE/FATTY TISSUE
35
* Arranged in 10-15 overlapping lobes w/ collecting ducts that converge at the nipple
Glandular tissues
36
what are the milk-producing glands found in the lobules of the glandular tissue?
acini
37
These are clustered on the terminal ends of the ducts like grapes on a vine
acini
38
What are milk ducts?
small tubes that transport milk from the lobules out to the tip of the nipple
39
* Terminal ends of the duct and the acini form small lobular units termed as
terminal ductal lobular units (tdlus)
40
* Located both between & w/in the lobes * Consist of dense connective tissue, loose connective tissue and fat
Mammary stroma
41
* Form a fibrous skeleton * Responsible for maintaining the shape & structure of the breast
Connective tissue septa
42
another term for connective tissue septa
cooper's ligaments
43
* Located posterior to the mammary layer * Contains varied levels of fat related to age, obesity and pregnancy * Allows breast motion over chest wall
Retromammary layer
44
* Lies posterior to retromammary layer and line the chest wall from the 2nd-6th from sternum to axilla * Main purpose is to control movement in the arm and shoulder, but they are also connected to the breasts
Pectoralis muscles
45
What lies posterior to the pectoralis muscles?
ribs
46
These are the most common palpable finding that is mistaken for a mass
ribs
47
* Lower border of this muscle forms the anterior margin of the axilla
pectoralis major
48
* Lies superolateral and posterior to the pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
49
what are lymph nodes?
small, bean-shaped organs that help fight infection
50
Produce & filter a colorless fluid (lymph) w/c contains WBC (lymphocytes)
lymph nodes
51
filter & carry lymph from the breast to the lymph nodes
lymph vessels
52
2 kinds of lymph nodes
* INTRAMAMMARY NODES * AXILLARY LYMPH NODES
53
What are the different arterial supply of blood to the breast?
lateral thoracic artery internal thoracic artery (internal mammary artery) thoracoacromial artery intercostal artery
54
What are the different venous drainage of blood to the breast?
superficial venous system deep venous system
55
* Originates from the axillary artery & courses lateral & inferior along the pectoralis major muscle * Supplies lateral breast tissue
LATERAL THORACIC ARTERY
56
* Originates at the subclavian artery * Supplies medial breast tissues
INTERNAL THROACIC ARTERY (INTERNAL MAMMARY ARTERY)
57
where does the thoracoacromial artery supply blood to?
superior breast tissues
58
where does the intercostal artery supply blood to?
inferior breast tissues
59
* Lies w/in the subcutaneous fat tissue
SUPERFICIAL VENOUS SYSTEM
60
* Primary route of venous drainage of the breast system * Consists of veins that follow the arterial system
Deep venous system
61
Give all the tissues of the breast and their kinds
EPITHELIAL CELL TYPES * Luminal cells * Myoepithelial cells STROMA * Interlobular stroma * Intralobular stroma STRUCTURES * Large Ducts * TDLU
62
* Form innermost layer lining ducts and acini * Cells are cuboidal to columnar in shape
Luminal cells
63
- Help produce & maintain basement membrane - Inhibit angiogenesis - Contract for milk ejection during breastfeeding
Myoeopithelial cells
64
* Form outermost layer between luminal cells & basement membrane
myoepithelial cells
65
* Responsible for majority of breast volume
Interlobular stroma
66
what are the cellular components of the interlobular stroma?
FIBROBLASTS, MYOFIBROBLASTS, ADIPOCYTES, BLOOD, LYMPHATIC VESSELS
67
* Surrounds & supports acini of TDLU * Looser, more cellular appearance compared w/ interlobular stroma * Often has scattered lymphocytes & plasma cells * May be myxoid in appearance
Intralobular stroma
68
* Ducts ramify until they form TDLUs * Ductal systems vary considerably in size & extent, often overlap
Large duct system
69
* Refers to 30-50 acinar cells grouped together in a lobule and their associated terminal duct * Usually less than 2 mm in size
Terminal Ductal Lobular Units

MAMMO (2 decks)

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