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Focused Populations > Breast > Flashcards

Breast Flashcards

1
Q

Dx of Breast

A
  1. Fibrocystic Breast Condition
  2. Fibroadenoma
  3. cyst
  4. intraductal papilloma
  5. blocked milk duct
  6. mastitis
  7. phyllodes tumor
  8. atypical hyperplasia
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2
Q

fibrocystic breast condition CP

A

s/s- lumpiness, thickening, swelling, pain, tenderness

cp- menstruation, lactation

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3
Q

what is most common benign breast mass

A

fibroadenoma

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4
Q

adenoma means

A

mass, does not mean CA

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5
Q

intraductal papilloma CP

A
  • grows in milk ducts of breast
  • bengin
  • cp- often w/ nipple discharge
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6
Q

mastitis

A

infection of fatty tissue of breast

  • caused by bacteria
  • s/s warm, tender, painful
  • cp- lactating, fevers, chills, warmth, pain
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7
Q

phyllodes tumor

A
  • 1% breast tumors

- can be benign, intermediate, malignant

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8
Q

location of phyllodes tumor

A
  • connective tissue of breast (sarcoma)

- tumor not in ducts or lobules

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9
Q

atypical hyperplasia

A

accumulation of abnormal cells in ducts or lobules of breast

- can lead to BC

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10
Q

hyperplasia means

A

proliferation

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11
Q

screening tools

A
  1. mammography
  2. tomosynthesis
  3. US
  4. MRI
  5. fast MRI
  6. CBE
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12
Q

mammography

A

low energy x-ray

- screening or dx

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13
Q

what is suspicious for malignancy on mammography

A

microcalcificaitons

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14
Q

US

A
  • aids in detection of hard to see tumors
  • differentiates between solid or fluid filled masses
  • often after mammogram and before bx
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15
Q

tomosynthesis

A

3D imaging

  • earlier detection of small BC than 2D
  • greater accuracy
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16
Q

MRI indications

A
  1. F with BC gene, BRCA1 or BRCA2
  2. F w/ 1st deg relative w/ BC gene
  3. F w/ lifetime risk of 20-25% based on BC predicition model
  4. radiation to chest between 10-30 yrs
  5. various rare syndromes that have higher incidence of BC
17
Q

fast MRI

A
  • self pay
  • ideal for candidates that have dense breast tissue or other high risk factors that do not meet qualifications for traditional MRI screening
  • does not detect spectrum of dx that can be detected by conventional MRI
  • not intended to replace mammogram
18
Q

Risks for BC

A

1 FEMALE

  1. aging
  2. FH
  3. risk doubles if 1st deg relative w/ BC
  4. age at menarche
  5. age of 1st live birth
  6. age of menopause
  7. obesity
  8. ETOH
  9. BRCA 1, BRCA2
  10. male BRCA II Mutation
19
Q

non invasive BC

A
  • ductal carcinoma in situ

- most common noninvasive BC

20
Q

DCIS recurrance risk of DCIS or invasive

A

30%

21
Q

DCIS

A

presence of abnormal cells inside milk duct of breast

- considered earliest form of BC

22
Q

tx DCIS

A
  • lumpectomy followed by radiation will decrease recurrance rate to 15%
  • sometimes masectomy
23
Q

invasive c

A
  1. inflammatory BC
  2. invasive ductal carcinoma
  3. metaplastic BC
  4. medullary carcinoma
  5. Paget’s dx of nipple
  6. tubular carcionma
  7. paget’s dx of nipple
  8. invasive lobular carcinoma
  9. angiosarcoma
  10. mucinous carcinoma
24
Q

inflammatory BC (IBC)

A
  • Advance, invasive, aggressive
  • Starts in milk ducts
  • Invades skin and lymph system
  • No breast lump or mass
  • Not painful
  • Subcutaneous change of skin
25
Q

invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)

A
  • most common, 8/10 CA

- male breast CA

26
Q

metaplastic BC

A
  • “changed form” – looks like cells from other parts of body; squamous or osseous
  • Treated aggressively
  • Prognosis uncertain
  • Metaplastic = metamorphosis
27
Q

medullary carcinoma

A
  • resembles medulla tissue

- better prognosis

28
Q

tubular carcinoma

A
  • rare, 2%
  • good prognosis
  • cells resemble small tubes
29
Q

Paget’s dx of nipple

A
  • Rare
  • CA under skin
  • Redness, scaly, flaky skin
  • CA cells move through ducts to nipple
    i. Nipple skin cells spontaneously change to CA cells
30
Q

papillary carcinoma

A
  • Type of DCIS
  • Cells resemble fingers or threads
  • Rarely invasive, stays contained in ducts
31
Q

invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)

A
  • 10% of all invasive BC
  • Leaves lobules and spreads to fatty tissue and other breast tissues
  • Ability to metastasize
32
Q

angiosarcoma

A
  • Rare, aggressive
  • Forms in cells that line blood vessels within breast or axilla
  • Can be caused by radiation
33
Q

mucinous carcinoma

A
  • produces mucous
  • good prognosis
  • rare
34
Q

breast pathology

A
  1. invasive or non-invasive
  2. tumor size
  3. cell grade [not stage]
  4. tumor necrosis
  5. vascular or lymphatic invasion
  6. hormone receptor status
  7. HER2 status
  8. surgical margins
35
Q

BC tx

A
  1. systemic therapy- chemo
  2. local therapy- surgery or radiation
  3. immunotherapy
  4. hormonal therapy
  5. targeted therapy
  6. biotherapy
36
Q

adjuvant

A
  • chemo given after CA is tx to get rid of what tx didnt get
37
Q

neoadjuvant

A

shrink and debulk tumor before surgery

38
Q

lifestyle changes

A
  1. diet- plant based, low fat, high ca
  2. limit ETOH
  3. exercise
  4. maintain ideal wt
  5. ASA
39
Q

CI to BC pills

A
  1. History of DVT/PE
  2. Hypertension
  3. Those with tobacco use who are over 35 years old
  4. Migraines with aura
  5. Liver dysfunction
  6. Breast cancer [hormones]

Focused Populations (1 decks)

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