Breast Flashcards
What is a breast cyst?
Fluid filled sacs inside the breast which are usually not cancerous
What are the risk factors for breast cysts?
- Age 35-50
- Perimenopausal
What is the epidemiology of breast cysts?
- Pre-menopausal women
- 7% of women develop a palpable breast cyst
What are the signs and symptoms of breast cysts?
- Cysts usually round or oval lumps with distinct edges
- Feels like soft grape but can also feel firm
- Not fixed
- Can be painful but generally benign
- Increased lump size and tenderness just before menstruation
What are the investigations for breast cysts?
- Breast US: sold, oval or round, circumscribed, lobulated, width more than height
- Biopsy: Epithelial, stromal elements
- Mammogram
- FNA: 22-25g needle, cells put on slide- views by cytopathologist
What is a fibroadenoma?
A non cancerous tumour in the breast
What is the aetiology of a fibroadenoma?
- Partially hormone-related and frequently regress after menopause
What is the epidemiology of fibroadenomas?
Usually in under 30 yr olds
What are the signs and symptoms of fibroadenomas?
- Firm lump: smooth, painless, rubbery, mobile, well demarcated
- No pain
What are the investigations for fibroadenomas?
- 1st test=mammogram
- Breast US
- Biopsy
- FNA
How are fibroadenomas managed?
Excise is painful, larger than 4cm or rapidly growing
What is ductal carcinoma in situ?
Pre-cancerous or non-invasive lesion of the breast
What is the epidemiology of ductal carcinoma in situ?
More frequently diagnosed with increasing use of screening mammography
What are the causes and risk factors of ductal carcinoma in situ?
- FHx breast cancer
- Having periods at an early age
- Late menopause
What are the presenting symptoms and signs of ductal carcinoma in situ?
- Most cases, no symptoms experiences
- May cause lump or thickening in or near the breast or under arm
- Change in size or shape of breast
- Nipple discharge or tenderness
- Ridges or pitting of breast
- Change in feel of skin of breast, areola or nipple