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Yr3 Med Conditions > BREAST > Flashcards

BREAST Flashcards

1
Q

Breast Cyst definition

A

Fluid filled cavity in the breast

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2
Q

Risk Factors Breast Cyst

A

Peri-menopausal women aged 45-50

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3
Q

Breast Cyst presenting symptoms and signs

A

fluctuant, distinct round mass which is often tender (painful)

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4
Q

Breast Cyst investigations

A

May resolve naturally or aspirate (FNA): usually clear, green, brown or yellow aspirate

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5
Q

Ductal Ectasia definition

A

dilation of ducts due to blockage/ clogging of lactiferous ducts

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6
Q

Risk Factors ductal ectasia

A

peri/post-menopausal women aged 50-60

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7
Q

Presenting symptoms/ signs of ductal ectasia

A
  • Can appear similar to cancer (important to exclude)
  • nipple retraction/ slit-like nipple
  • discharge: cheesy, thick, white/ yellow/ green
  • scubareolar mass
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8
Q

Ductal Ectasia investigations

A
  • microcalcification on imaging
  • cytology of discharge might show macrophages and debris but no epithelial cells
  • reassure and discharge
  • surgical duct excision if mass is present
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9
Q

Fat necrosis definition

A

Post-trauma necrosis of fatty breast tissue

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10
Q

Aetiology/ Risk Factors fat necrosis

A

history of trauma: car accident, surgery, needle biopsy

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11
Q

Fat necrosis presenting symptoms and signs

A

painless, irregular hard lump with bruising or redness of overlying skin

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12
Q

Investigations for fat necrosis

A

Analgesia and discharge

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13
Q

Fibroadenoma definition

A

benign neoplasm of a lobule arising from storm (fibrosis) and glandular (adenoma) epithelium

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14
Q

Risk Factors of fibroadenoma

A

young women aged 20-30y

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15
Q

Presenting symptoms and signs of fibroadenoma

A
  • ‘breast mouse’
  • painless
  • smooth
  • well circumscribed mass
  • not attached to overlying skin
  • no palpable lymph nodes
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16
Q

Investigations for Fibroadenoma

A
  • mammogram or ultrasound

- breast biopsy will show epithelial and stromal elements

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17
Q

Management for fibroadenoma

A

observe and excise if in doubt

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18
Q

Prognosis for fibroadenoma

A
  • most regress, some stay the say and some may enlarge (in which case: excise)
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19
Q

Fibroadnosis/ Fibrocystic Changes definition

A

Normal and physiological changes in breast tissue. Fibrous tissue and cyst formation

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20
Q

Aetiology/ Risk Factors fibroadenosis

A

Due to hormonal changes in women aged 35-50y/o. Cyst rupture causes fibrosis

21
Q

Presenting symptoms and signs of fibroadenosis

A
  • Cyclical: premenstrual breast modularity (appears before next period)
  • Painful, multiple lumps
  • Rubbery, well-circumcised masses with sharp borders
22
Q

Investigations for fibroadenosis

A
  • Reassure and discharge
23
Q

Intraductal papilloma definition

A

Benign neoplasm growing within the ducts of the breast

24
Q

Risk factors Intraductal Papilloma

A

peri-/post-menopausal women

25
Q

Presenting symptoms and signs of intraductal papilloma

A
  • bloody or clear nipple discharge

- scubareolar mass which is usually small

26
Q

Investigations for Intraductal Papilloma

A
  • Mammogram may be negative
  • Breast US will show dilated duct with oval mass
  • Breast ductogram shows filling defect of duct
  • Surgical excision of duct and papilloma (microdochetomy)
27
Q

Acute Mastitis definition

A

Acute inflammation of the breast tissue

28
Q

Aetiology/ Risk Factors Acute Mastitis

A
  • Cause: Staph Aureus

- Post partum, breast feeding (lactating)

29
Q

Presenting symptoms and signs of acute mastitis

A
  • painful erythematous swelling of the breast. Skin is hot to touch
30
Q

Investigations for acute mastitis

A
  • FNA cytology of mass might show neutrophils and inflammatory debris
31
Q

Management for Acute Mastitis

A
  • effective milk removal

- antibiotics

32
Q

Complications acute mastitis

A
  • Abscesses
  • Cessation of breast feeding
  • Sepsis
  • Necrotising fascilitis
33
Q

Prognosis of Acute Mastitis

A
  • Good but may recur
34
Q

Periductal Mastitis definition

A

Inflammation around dilated milk ducts

35
Q

Risk Factors periductal mastitis

A
  • smoker and non-lactating women (30y/o)
36
Q

Presenting symptoms and signs of periductal mastitis

A
  • painful erythematous scubareolar mass

- inverted nipple

37
Q

Management periductal mastitis

A
  • antibiotics and stop smoking
38
Q

Phyllodes Tumour definition

A

Fibroepithelial tumour formed by periductal stromal cells which can be benign or malignant

39
Q

Risk Factors Phyllodes tumour

A

Affects 40-60year olds

40
Q

Presenting symptoms and signs of Phyllodes tumour

A
  • Rapidly growing
  • tear drop appearance of the breast
  • slit-like nipple
  • warm, shiny erythematous skin
  • well-delineated, large breast mass
41
Q

Investigations for Phyllodes tumour

A
  • Mammography: oval, well circumcised mass
  • Breast ultrasound: hyper echoic, well-circumcised mass
  • Biopsy: stromal and epithelial elements
  • Aggressive radiotherapy or wide excision
42
Q

Breast Abscesses definition

A

Collection of pus in the breast

43
Q

Risk factors breast abscesses

A

15-40year olds

44
Q

Presenting symptoms/ signs of breast abscesses

A

Febrile patient with painful erythematous lump near the nipple

45
Q

Investigations for breast abscesses

A
  • Breast Ultrasound: fluid filled cavity containing debris

- Aspiration: purulent fluid

46
Q

Management breast abscesses

A
  • IV / oral antibiotics

- Aspirate (FNA) or surgical drainage

47
Q

Complications of breast abscesses

A
  • Sepsis, scarring, spontaneous rupture of an abscess can lead to a draining sinus with a resulting fistula
48
Q

Prognosis of breast abscess

A

Good but may have recurrence

Yr3 Med Conditions (9 decks)

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