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F&C > Breast > Flashcards

Breast Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three components of a triple assessment?

A

clinical assessment
imaging assessment
needle biopsy

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2
Q

Lifetime risk of developing breast cancer

A

1 in 8

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3
Q

Lower risk of developing breast cancer

A

longer duration of breastfeeding
increasing parity
earlier age at first birth

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4
Q

Higher risk of breast cancer

A

FH
HRT use
earlier menarche

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5
Q

things marked 1-5 in triple assessment

A

Palpation
ultrasound/Mammography
cytology

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6
Q

Paget’s disease

A

looks like eczema or psoriasis but on one breast

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7
Q

Swelling of arm after breast cancer

A

Axillary node clearance

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8
Q

two angles of mammography

A

mediolateral oblique

craniocaudal

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9
Q

Grade of breast cancer shows how…

A

aggressive the cancer is

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10
Q

HER2 positive spread faster or slower?

A

faster

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11
Q

invasive lobular carcinoma- what scan is nneded

A

MRI- identifies extent of cancer

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12
Q

IF P4 but M0 and U0- what next

A

clinical (freehand) core biopsy

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13
Q

if positive for cancer, where scan next?

A

axilla

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14
Q

ER pos, HER2 neg. What treatment?

A

Tamoxifen

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15
Q

HER2 pos- what treatment?

A

trastuzumab

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16
Q

what is the aim of chemo?

A

to eradicate micrometastatic disease

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17
Q

what three characteristics are used to determine stage?

A

tumour size, number of lymph nodes involved, presence of mets

18
Q

triple neg breast cancer means

A

no HER2, ER or PR receptors

19
Q

What tool can be used to estimate breast cancer survival

A

PREDICT

20
Q

Side effects of tamoxifen

A

endometrial thickening, DVT, menopausal symptoms, cataracts

21
Q

Small lumps on nipple.

A

Montgomery tubercles- can be normal but become more pronounced in pregnancy

22
Q

Cyclical breast pain

A

usually more in menstrual cycle
settles down by itself
stops after menopause

23
Q

non cyclical breast pain

A

could be costochondritis, causes are often unclear and resolves itself

24
Q

patient report cyclical type breast pain. Next step

A

reassure, offer bilateral mammogram

25
Q

painful area in breast. red and tender. Beginning to feel tired and unwell. had baby 5 weeks ago

A

lactational mastitis- can be infectious or non infectious

26
Q

Lump in context of lactational mastitis

A

could be an abscess- ultrasound it.

27
Q

abscess present- what next

A

ultrasound guided drainage. send fluid to microbio. start fluclox

28
Q

red, swollen, hot breast. Not lactating

A

consider inflammatory breast cancer- can mimic mastitis and breast abscesses

29
Q

treatments to consider in pts with breast pain

A

NSAIDS, danazol

30
Q

do you stop breastfeeding in mastitis

A

no- feed on demand from both breasts unless too painful

31
Q

predisposing factors for breast abscess

A

immunocompromised, diabetes, nipple piercing, smoking

32
Q

Breast implant problems

A

could be PIP implants (wrong grade silicone)

leaking implant

33
Q

Investigation with implant problems

A

Ultrasound

MRI

34
Q

Young female with breast lump

A

fibroadenoma

35
Q

even if thinking fibroadenoma- what next

A

triple assess- palpate, image, biopsy (if over 25)

36
Q

imaging in woman over 40

A

mammogram and ultrasound

37
Q

blood stained cyst fluid- what next?

A

send for cytology

38
Q

what type of gene is BRCA

A

tumour suppressor protein

39
Q

inheritance of BRCA

A

autosomal dominant

40
Q

chromosomes with BRCA

A

13 and 17

41
Q

prophylactic mastectomy reduces risk of cancer by what percent

A

90

42
Q

herceptin

A

HER2 cancers

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