Breast Flashcards
They are located in large lactiferous sinuses or ducts, and have a tendency to bleed
Intraductal carcinoma
contain ducts with stroma and are not highly vascular; these lesions are not located in ducts
Fibroadenoma
also arise from intralobular stroma and can be malignant
Phyllodes tumor
common and may enlarge during pregnancy or late in each menstrual cycle
Fibro adenomas
smaller than 1 cm and are not influenced by hormonal changes
Intraductal papillomas
is typically an ill-defined lesion without a mass effect
Lobular carcinoma in situ
typically caused by trauma to the breast. The damaged, necrotic fat is phagocytosed by macrophages, which become lipid laden. The lesion resolves as a collagenous scar within weeks to months. The firm scar can mammographically and grossly resemble a carcinoma
Fat necrosis
most often a consequence of chronic alcoholism and impairs hepatic estrogen metabolism, which can lead to gynecomastia
Micronodular cirrhosis
irregular lesions, not discrete masses
Fibrocystic change
masses with irregular outlines
Fat necrosis
more diffuse involvement, without mass effect
Mastitis
are large cells that have clear, mucinous cytoplasm and infiltrate the skin. They are malignant and extend to the skin from an underlying breast carcinoma
Paget cells
typically produces localized abscesses, whereas streptococcal infections tend to spread throughout the breast
Staphylococcal acute mastitis
account for the largest category of breast lumps, statistically about 40% of all breast “lumps.” These lesions are probably related to cyclic breast changes that occur during the menstrual cycle
Fibrocystic change
Bilateral malignant
Lobular carcinoma in situ
antiestrogenic compound that has effectiveness in the treatment of breast cancers positive for estrogen receptor
Tamoxifen
The expression of HER2/neu suggests that biotherapy with __________ may have some effectiveness
trastuzumab
although grossly and microscopically similar to fibroadenomas, occur at an older age, are larger, and are more cellular; they can recur locally, but rarely metastasize
Phyllodes tumor
may increase the risk of carcinoma, but it does not produce visible surface skin changes
Atypical ductal hyperplasia
can be large and sometimes tender, but the overlying skin is typically not affected, and spread to lymph nodes is uncommon
Phyllodes tumor
is a feature of benign fibrocystic changes and has no skin involvement
Sclerosing adenosis
is a feature of benign fibrocystic changes and has no skin involvement
Sclerosing adenosis
They tend to occur in women at younger ages than do most other breast cancers
Medullary carcinoma
occur about as frequently as medullary carcinomas, but they are often positive for ER-PR, and the prognosis is better than average
Colloid carcinoma
absence of estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors (ER-PR
Medullary carcinoma
are small benign lesions that tend to stop enlarging after menopause, when hormonal stimulation has ceased
Fibroadenoma
tend not to produce large, localized lesions because they are more invasive, and they lack a distinct lymphoid infiltrate
Infiltrating ductal
accounts for a small percentage of breast cancers, primarily in families in which cancer onset occurs at a young age
BRCA1 gene
Fibrocystic changes without epithelial hyperplasia do not suggest an
Increased risk of breast cancer
There are two known breast cancer susceptibility genes: BRCA1 and BRCA2. Both are cancer suppressor genes. Specific mutations of __________ are common in some ethnic groups, such as Ashkenazi Jews
BRCA1
is a growth factor receptor gene that is amplified in certain breast cancers and is a marker of poor prognosis, not susceptibility
HER2/neu
Distant metastases are unlikely to be found
Ductal carcinoma in situ
A 29-year-old woman and her 32-year-old sister were diagnosed with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast, and both had bilateral mastectomies. Which of the following risk factors is most significant for this type of cancer
Inheritance of mutant p53 allele
The physician palpates a firm area that has a cordlike feel. No lesions of the overlying skin are present, and there is no axillary lymphadenopathy
Cribriform pattern
Comedocarcinoma
An intraductal carcinoma, or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), may not
Produce a palpable mass
An epidemiologic study is conducted with male subjects who have been diagnosed with breast carcinoma. Their demographic data, past medical histories, family histories, and laboratory data are examined to identify factors that increase the risk of cancer. Which of the following factors is most likely to increase significantly the risk of developing male breast carcinoma
Age older than 70
A clinical study is performed on postmenopausal women living in Tampa, Florida, who are between the ages of 45 and 70 years. All have been diagnosed with infiltrating ductal carcinoma positive for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), which has been confirmed by biopsy and microscopic examination of tissue. None has the BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Which of the following is most likely to indicate the highest relative risk of developing the carcinomas seen in this group of women
First degree relative with breast cancer
26 yo
Genetic analysis shows that she is a carrier of the BRCA1 gene mutation, as are her mother and sister. Which of the following histologic types of breast carcinoma has the highest incidence in families such as hers
Medullary carcinoma
A Tumor Registry tracks patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Statistical analyses are performed regarding survival of these patients. Which of the following parameters recorded for these breast cancers is most likely to show the strongest correlation with longer patient survival
Tumor size
Best treatment for negative ER PR and H er2/neu
Chemotherapy
usually solitary and smaller than 1 cm
Intraductal carcinoma
