Breast Flashcards
The breast is sonographically divided into three layers:
Skin, nipple, subareolar
Subcutaneous region
Parenchyma
_________ form(s) a fibrous “skeleton” that is responsible for maintaining the shape of the breast?
Cooper’s ligaments
The functional portion of the breast consists of _________ lobes.
15 to 20
As a woman ages, the glandular breast tissue is replaced with:
fat
The retromammary layer is sonographically imaged as
Hypoechoic
Cooper’s ligaments are best characterized as
Echogenic line interfaces in the subcutaneous layer
Clinical findings of lumpy, painful, tender breasts that vary with monthly cycles usually represent
Fibrocystic disease
The most important signs to look for in determining a cystic lesion of the breast include
well-defined borders
good through transmission
anechoic
The the sonographic characteristic of a fibroadenoma is
Uniform, low-level homogeneous echoes
The most common solid benign tumor of the breast is
Fibroadenoma
The most common malignant neoplasm of the breast is
Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)
Lymphatic drainage from all parts of the breast generally flows to the ________ lymph nodes.
axillary
Skin dimpling may be caused by
Retraction of tissue secondary to tumor infiltration
Characteristic findings of breast carcinoma include
attenuation of sound
irregular margins
inhomogeneous low-level internal echo pattern with calcifications
The primary purpose of breast screening examinations is to:
provide for early detection of breast carcinoma
The most common clinical sign of breast carcinoma is
Palpable lump
A normal extension of breast tissue into the axillary region is called ______________.
tail of Spence
The midportion of the right medial and left lateral breast would be annotated as
3:00
A condition of the male breast in which the ductal elements hypertrophy is called ______________.
gynecomastia
__________ arteries is responsible for supplying blood to more than half of the breast?
Internal mammary
Characteristics of possible breast cancer include
- irregular or spiculated mammographic mass, and solid on ultrasound.
Answer 1Toggle editing answer text as HTML Answer 1Delete this Answer - clustered pleomorphic microcalcifications on mammogram, with or without any abnormality on ultrasound.
- focal distortion on mammogram, and a correlating area of distortion on breast ultrasound.
Ultrasound of the breast is often performed as an adjunctive imaging tool to
- to assess a smooth mammographic mass as cystic or solid.
- to further evaluate a palpable breast lump in a patient with very dense breast tissue and a negative mammogram.
- to further evaluate a palpable breast lump in a patient with breast implants.
Ultrasound is often of benefit in guiding breast procedures for
- cyst aspiration
- fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)
- drainage procedures
In the case of a mammographic mass that is highly suggestive of malignancy, the correlating sonographic mass will likely show
Irregular margin and taller than wide
In the case of a smooth mammographic mass that is highly suggestive as cystic, the correlating sonographic mass will likely show
Anechoic and posterior acoustic enhancement
The advantages of breast ultrasound over mammography in evaluating the breast include
- differentiation of cystic versus solid smooth masses.
- more comfortable examination for the patient
- better visualization of juxtathoracic deep tissues
The advantages of breast ultrasound over mammography in evaluating the breast include
Can better evaluate those hard-to-reach places, such as parasternal tissues and axilla, not well seen on mammography
Sonographic appearance of the breast is influenced by __________.
patient parity
menopause
patient age
The layers of the breast are ______________.
subcutaneous, mammary, retromammary.
Sonographic findings of the breast are described by ___________.
clock notations
quadrants
a diagram of the breast
Breast tissue is bordered by the _______________.
skin anteriorly; pectoralis muscle posteriorly; axilla laterally; sternum medially.
Fat lobules in the breast are ________.
less echogenic than the mammary layer.
Breast lesions are characterized _____________.
by their size, shape, orientation, margins and posterior acoustic features.
_______ are characteristics of a breast carcinoma?
Micro-calcifications
Noncompressible.
Vascularity
The breast layer that exhibits the most changes sonographically is the ____________
mammary layer
2:00 on the left breast is in _____ quadrant?
Upper outer
