Breast Flashcards
What percent of breast lumps are cancer?
10%
What is the triple assessment?
- Physical exam
- Imaging (sonography, mammogrpahy, mri)
- Pathology (cyopathology, histopathology)
Most common lesion causing nipple discharge?
papilloma (within large duct)
When is papilloma more associated with cancer?
bloody discharge and a mass
Pros and cons of FNA?
- safe, reliable, fast, accurate, cheap
- can’t differentiate ductal hyperplasia from low grade, or cancer from advanced cancer
Reporting system of UK NHS screening service
B1: normal tissue/poor sample
B2: benign lesions
B3: uncertain malignant potential
B4: suspicion of malignancy
B5: malignancy
What is acute mastitis?
- acute inflammation in the breast often seen in lactating women with cracked skin and stasis
- usually one side
Most common cause of acute mastitis?
staphylococci
Cells seen in acute mastitis
neutrophils
What is duct ectasia
inflammation and dilation of large breast ducts
- usually 50-60 yr old
how does duct ectasia usually present?
nipple discharge
lump
can get retracted nipple
What is fat necrosis and how does it present?
- inflammatory reaction to adipose tissue
- presents as a lump
- after trauma
What is a radial scar?
benign sclerosing lesions with a central zone of scarring surrounded by zone or glandular tissue
- stellate masses on screening mammograms
- excision needed
- thought to be reparative phenomenon in response to areas of tissue damage
- gives a star-like appearance
What is flat epithelial atypia?
- may be earliest morphological precursor to low grade ductal carcinoma in situ
- relative risk of 1.5 of developing cancer
In situ lobular neoplasia
- risk factor for invasive breast cancer
- affects whole lobule
- 8-10 times relative risk of cancer
