Breast Flashcards
What is the functional unit of the breast?
Terminal Ductal Lobular Unit
Where does most lymph drainage from the breast occur?
Axillary lymph nodes
What characteristic defines the malignant appearing masses versus a benign fibroadenoma?
Lobulated irregular margins
What is the anatomical location of the breast?
Bordered superiorly by the second and third ribs
What term describes the occurrence of a complete accessory breast?
Polymastia
What ligaments serve as thin connective tissue bands that connect the breast tissue to the skin?
Coopers Ligament
What condition has symptoms of bilateral breast tenderness or pain, fullness and nodularity which increase before menses?
Fibrocystic change
What is the most likely explanation for 32 y/o woman with a painless lump in the left breast if the sonography examination documents a well-encapsulated, ovoid 1.2 cm mass that has a homogenous, hypoechoic pattern with a thin halo?
Fibroadenoma
What is the likely benign disease for a 28 y/o female who is breastfeeding and the sonographic findings include a diffuse mottled mass with dense breast tissue, a red, tender breast, some posterior enhancement, and low-level echoes?
Abscess
What is the most common location for the genesis of the most benign and malignant breast disease?
Upper outer quadrant
What is the usually the first site of metastic spread from a primary breast cancer?
Ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes
What is the most common male breast abnormality?
Gynecomastia
The thickness of the acoustic offset should not exceed how many centimeters when it is used as an acoustic standoff between the transducer and the breast?
1 cm
What is the most common breast cancer?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Which doppler patterns are strong indications of cancer?
Increased penetrating vessels
Which process involves the implanting of a radiation source within the breast at or near a lumpectomy site?
Brachytherapy
Which tissue is considered a “high strain” tissue?
Fat
Small clusters of calcification seen in the breast tissue on mammography are?
An early indication of cancer
Prolactin is produced in the?
Anterior pituitary gland
What is the sonographic appearance of breast ducts?
Anechoic tubular structures
Which of the following is a stromal element of the breast?
Fat
Acini
Small grape shaped secretory portions of gland; smallest functional unit
Each breast has how many lobes?
15-20
Which of the following statements regarding mammography is FALSE?
Mammography can easily detect lesions in dense breast
Which of the following statements regarding breast sonography is FALSE?
Sonography is as good as mammography in detecting microcalcifications
Which breast layer is located between the anterior and posterior mammary fascia?
Mammary layer
What is the normal measurement of an intramammary lymph node?
less than 2cm
According to ACR and AIUM Guidelines, which of the following transducers is appropriate to use for breast sonography?
12 MHz Linear Array
Which of the following can help improve contrast and spatial resolution during breast sonography?
Harmonic imaging, spatial compounding, and broad bandwidth transducers
What is the most common cause of breast lumps in women 35 to 50 years of age?
Breast cyst
A patient with simple cyst seen on both mammography and sonography would be given which classifications?
BI-RADS 2
A patient presents for breast sonography after a lesion was seen on a mammogram. A cyst that does not meet all the criteria for a simple cyst is found that correlates to the area seen on mammography. Which of the following characteristics would NOT be worrisome for malignancy or neoplastic changes?
a fluid debris level that changes with patient positioning
What is the name of a retention cyst that may develop in pregnant or lactating women?
Galactocele
A patient presents with a history of breast surgery to remove a breast lesion. While scanning over the incision site, you suspect you are imaging the post surgical scar. What is the typical sonographic appearance of a scar?
hypoechoic area with acoustic shadowing that is reduced or eliminated with transducer pressure
What is the most common benign solid tumor of the female breast?
Fibroadenoma
What is the most common noninvasive breast cancer?
DCIS
Which of the following is an uncommon cancer that presents with redness and eczema-like crusting of the nipple and areola, nipple discharge, and itching?
Paget disease
What is the most common breast cancer?
IDC NOS
Which of the following statements regarding elastography of the breast is TRUE?
a cancer will tend to be larger on the elastogram than on the conventional 2D image.
Which of the following is NOT a sonographic characteristic of a benign mass?
a benign mass is typically taller than wide
which of the following characteristics makes a mass supspicious for malignancy?
angular or spiculated margins, nipple retraction, and shadowing.
A mass that is highly suggestive of malignancy on both mammography and sonography with multiple suspicious features would be classified as what?
BI-RADS 5
Which type of breast cancer begins in the ducts and does not invade the basement membrane/
DCIS
