Breast

Question 1

What is the functional unit of the breast?

Answer 1

Terminal Ductal Lobular Unit

Question 2

Where does most lymph drainage from the breast occur?

Answer 2

Axillary lymph nodes

Question 3

What characteristic defines the malignant appearing masses versus a benign fibroadenoma?

Answer 3

Lobulated irregular margins

Question 4

What is the anatomical location of the breast?

Answer 4

Bordered superiorly by the second and third ribs

Question 5

What term describes the occurrence of a complete accessory breast?

Answer 5

Polymastia

Question 6

What ligaments serve as thin connective tissue bands that connect the breast tissue to the skin?

Answer 6

Coopers Ligament

Question 7

What condition has symptoms of bilateral breast tenderness or pain, fullness and nodularity which increase before menses?

Answer 7

Fibrocystic change

Question 8

What is the most likely explanation for 32 y/o woman with a painless lump in the left breast if the sonography examination documents a well-encapsulated, ovoid 1.2 cm mass that has a homogenous, hypoechoic pattern with a thin halo?

Answer 8

Fibroadenoma

Question 9

What is the likely benign disease for a 28 y/o female who is breastfeeding and the sonographic findings include a diffuse mottled mass with dense breast tissue, a red, tender breast, some posterior enhancement, and low-level echoes?

Answer 9

Abscess

Question 10

What is the most common location for the genesis of the most benign and malignant breast disease?

Answer 10

Upper outer quadrant

Question 11

What is the usually the first site of metastic spread from a primary breast cancer?

Answer 11

Ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes

Question 12

What is the most common male breast abnormality?

Answer 12

Gynecomastia

Question 13

The thickness of the acoustic offset should not exceed how many centimeters when it is used as an acoustic standoff between the transducer and the breast?

Answer 13

1 cm

Question 14

What is the most common breast cancer?

Answer 14

Invasive ductal carcinoma

Question 15

Which doppler patterns are strong indications of cancer?

Answer 15

Increased penetrating vessels

Question 16

Which process involves the implanting of a radiation source within the breast at or near a lumpectomy site?

Answer 16

Brachytherapy

Question 17

Which tissue is considered a “high strain” tissue?

Answer 17

Fat

Question 18

Small clusters of calcification seen in the breast tissue on mammography are?

Answer 18

An early indication of cancer

Question 19

Prolactin is produced in the?

Answer 19

Anterior pituitary gland

Question 20

What is the sonographic appearance of breast ducts?

Answer 20

Anechoic tubular structures

Question 21

Which of the following is a stromal element of the breast?

Answer 21

Fat

Question 22

Acini

Answer 22

Small grape shaped secretory portions of gland; smallest functional unit

Question 23

Each breast has how many lobes?

Answer 23

15-20

Question 24

Which of the following statements regarding mammography is FALSE?

Answer 24

Mammography can easily detect lesions in dense breast

Question 25

Which of the following statements regarding breast sonography is FALSE?

Answer 25

Sonography is as good as mammography in detecting microcalcifications

Question 26

Which breast layer is located between the anterior and posterior mammary fascia?

Answer 26

Mammary layer

Question 27

What is the normal measurement of an intramammary lymph node?

Answer 27

less than 2cm

Question 28

According to ACR and AIUM Guidelines, which of the following transducers is appropriate to use for breast sonography?

Answer 28

12 MHz Linear Array

Question 29

Which of the following can help improve contrast and spatial resolution during breast sonography?

Answer 29

Harmonic imaging, spatial compounding, and broad bandwidth transducers

Question 30

What is the most common cause of breast lumps in women 35 to 50 years of age?

Answer 30

Breast cyst

Question 31

A patient with simple cyst seen on both mammography and sonography would be given which classifications?

Answer 31

BI-RADS 2

Question 32

A patient presents for breast sonography after a lesion was seen on a mammogram. A cyst that does not meet all the criteria for a simple cyst is found that correlates to the area seen on mammography. Which of the following characteristics would NOT be worrisome for malignancy or neoplastic changes?

Answer 32

a fluid debris level that changes with patient positioning

Question 33

What is the name of a retention cyst that may develop in pregnant or lactating women?

Answer 33

Galactocele

Question 34

A patient presents with a history of breast surgery to remove a breast lesion. While scanning over the incision site, you suspect you are imaging the post surgical scar. What is the typical sonographic appearance of a scar?

Answer 34

hypoechoic area with acoustic shadowing that is reduced or eliminated with transducer pressure

Question 35

What is the most common benign solid tumor of the female breast?

Answer 35

Fibroadenoma

Question 36

What is the most common noninvasive breast cancer?

Answer 36

DCIS

Question 37

Which of the following is an uncommon cancer that presents with redness and eczema-like crusting of the nipple and areola, nipple discharge, and itching?

Answer 37

Paget disease

Question 38

What is the most common breast cancer?

Answer 38

IDC NOS

Question 39

Which of the following statements regarding elastography of the breast is TRUE?

Answer 39

a cancer will tend to be larger on the elastogram than on the conventional 2D image.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a sonographic characteristic of a benign mass?

Answer 40

a benign mass is typically taller than wide

Question 41

which of the following characteristics makes a mass supspicious for malignancy?

Answer 41

angular or spiculated margins, nipple retraction, and shadowing.

Question 42

A mass that is highly suggestive of malignancy on both mammography and sonography with multiple suspicious features would be classified as what?

Answer 42

BI-RADS 5

Question 43

Which type of breast cancer begins in the ducts and does not invade the basement membrane/

Answer 43

DCIS