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Abdomen Flashcards > Breast > Flashcards

Breast Flashcards

1
Q

What is the functional unit of the breast?

A

Terminal Ductal Lobular Unit

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2
Q

Where does most lymph drainage from the breast occur?

A

Axillary lymph nodes

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3
Q

What characteristic defines the malignant appearing masses versus a benign fibroadenoma?

A

Lobulated irregular margins

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4
Q

What is the anatomical location of the breast?

A

Bordered superiorly by the second and third ribs

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5
Q

What term describes the occurrence of a complete accessory breast?

A

Polymastia

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6
Q

What ligaments serve as thin connective tissue bands that connect the breast tissue to the skin?

A

Coopers Ligament

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7
Q

What condition has symptoms of bilateral breast tenderness or pain, fullness and nodularity which increase before menses?

A

Fibrocystic change

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8
Q

What is the most likely explanation for 32 y/o woman with a painless lump in the left breast if the sonography examination documents a well-encapsulated, ovoid 1.2 cm mass that has a homogenous, hypoechoic pattern with a thin halo?

A

Fibroadenoma

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9
Q

What is the likely benign disease for a 28 y/o female who is breastfeeding and the sonographic findings include a diffuse mottled mass with dense breast tissue, a red, tender breast, some posterior enhancement, and low-level echoes?

A

Abscess

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10
Q

What is the most common location for the genesis of the most benign and malignant breast disease?

A

Upper outer quadrant

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11
Q

What is the usually the first site of metastic spread from a primary breast cancer?

A

Ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes

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12
Q

What is the most common male breast abnormality?

A

Gynecomastia

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13
Q

The thickness of the acoustic offset should not exceed how many centimeters when it is used as an acoustic standoff between the transducer and the breast?

A

1 cm

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14
Q

What is the most common breast cancer?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

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15
Q

Which doppler patterns are strong indications of cancer?

A

Increased penetrating vessels

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16
Q

Which process involves the implanting of a radiation source within the breast at or near a lumpectomy site?

A

Brachytherapy

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17
Q

Which tissue is considered a “high strain” tissue?

A

Fat

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18
Q

Small clusters of calcification seen in the breast tissue on mammography are?

A

An early indication of cancer

19
Q

Prolactin is produced in the?

A

Anterior pituitary gland

20
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of breast ducts?

A

Anechoic tubular structures

21
Q

Which of the following is a stromal element of the breast?

A

Fat

22
Q

Acini

A

Small grape shaped secretory portions of gland; smallest functional unit

23
Q

Each breast has how many lobes?

A

15-20

24
Q

Which of the following statements regarding mammography is FALSE?

A

Mammography can easily detect lesions in dense breast

25
Q

Which of the following statements regarding breast sonography is FALSE?

A

Sonography is as good as mammography in detecting microcalcifications

26
Q

Which breast layer is located between the anterior and posterior mammary fascia?

A

Mammary layer

27
Q

What is the normal measurement of an intramammary lymph node?

A

less than 2cm

28
Q

According to ACR and AIUM Guidelines, which of the following transducers is appropriate to use for breast sonography?

A

12 MHz Linear Array

29
Q

Which of the following can help improve contrast and spatial resolution during breast sonography?

A

Harmonic imaging, spatial compounding, and broad bandwidth transducers

30
Q

What is the most common cause of breast lumps in women 35 to 50 years of age?

A

Breast cyst

31
Q

A patient with simple cyst seen on both mammography and sonography would be given which classifications?

A

BI-RADS 2

32
Q

A patient presents for breast sonography after a lesion was seen on a mammogram. A cyst that does not meet all the criteria for a simple cyst is found that correlates to the area seen on mammography. Which of the following characteristics would NOT be worrisome for malignancy or neoplastic changes?

A

a fluid debris level that changes with patient positioning

33
Q

What is the name of a retention cyst that may develop in pregnant or lactating women?

A

Galactocele

34
Q

A patient presents with a history of breast surgery to remove a breast lesion. While scanning over the incision site, you suspect you are imaging the post surgical scar. What is the typical sonographic appearance of a scar?

A

hypoechoic area with acoustic shadowing that is reduced or eliminated with transducer pressure

35
Q

What is the most common benign solid tumor of the female breast?

A

Fibroadenoma

36
Q

What is the most common noninvasive breast cancer?

A

DCIS

37
Q

Which of the following is an uncommon cancer that presents with redness and eczema-like crusting of the nipple and areola, nipple discharge, and itching?

A

Paget disease

38
Q

What is the most common breast cancer?

A

IDC NOS

39
Q

Which of the following statements regarding elastography of the breast is TRUE?

A

a cancer will tend to be larger on the elastogram than on the conventional 2D image.

40
Q

Which of the following is NOT a sonographic characteristic of a benign mass?

A

a benign mass is typically taller than wide

41
Q

which of the following characteristics makes a mass supspicious for malignancy?

A

angular or spiculated margins, nipple retraction, and shadowing.

42
Q

A mass that is highly suggestive of malignancy on both mammography and sonography with multiple suspicious features would be classified as what?

A

BI-RADS 5

43
Q

Which type of breast cancer begins in the ducts and does not invade the basement membrane/

A

DCIS

Abdomen Flashcards (2 decks)

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