Breast Flashcards
Breasts are ectoderm in origin, T/F?
True.
They’re modified sweat glands
The size of both breasts MUST be the same, T/F?
False.
Like all bilateral structures, slight inequality in the size of the breast is normal
The acini of the glands are lined by what type of epithelium?
Cuboidal
The main blood supply to the breast is ____
The four perforating branches of the Internal Mammary artery (of which the 2nd intercostal branch is the largest)
Mention the artery supply to the breast
- Perforating branches of the Internal mammary artery
- Branches of the Auxillary artery
- Pectoral branch of Thoraco-acromial artery
- Lateral thoracic artery
- Subscapular artery (largest branch of axillary artery)
The venous drainage of the breast can be considered to consist of 3 systems, which are
- Medial network (that consists of the perforating beaches of the internal mammary vein)
- Lateral network (that drains through many tributaries into the axillary vein)
- Posterior system (drains through the intercostal veins to join the plexus of vertebral veins & the tributaries of the azygos system)
The lymphatic drainage of the breast is considered to consist of 4 systems, which include
- Internal mammary chain of lymph nodes
- Axillary group of lymph nodes
- The Opposite breast & axilla
- To the liver via the rectus abdominis muscle
Over 90% of the mammary lymph drains into _____ system of nodes?
Axillary group of nodes
Malignant cells can metastasize to lymph nodes not draining the corresponding great quadrant, T/F?
True.
Retrograde tumor emboli are the rule where a forward system of the lymphatic is blocked, T/F?
True
Which of the cells are believed to effect the emptying of the lactiferous sinuses during suckling?
Contractile smooth muscle fibers (which are inserted directly into the skin of the areola & nipple)
The bulk of the areola and nipple is made of _____
Contractile smooth muscle fibers.
The structural unit of the breast is the ___
Acinus, groups of which form the lobule.
_____ separates the lobules of the breast and gives support
Suspensory ligament of Cooper.
(It’s a fibrous connection b/w the two layers of superficial fascia)
The breast overlies certain structures in the chest wall, which include:
(Hint: 4)
2nd to 6th ribs, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and the upper part of the rectus sheath
The most important factor in the maintenance of the lactation cycle is _____
Infant suckling
List the cells that secrete Growth factors that are needed for the organization & co-ordination of normal and malignant breast cell proliferation
(Hint:6)
Stromal cells of rhe breast
Platelet
Endothelial cells
Epithelial cells
Fibroblasts
Inflammatory cells
Estrogen & progesterone stimulate the stromal cells of the breast and act to influence proliferation through ____ growth factor family?
Epidermal growth factor family
The epithelial cells cannot proliferate in the absence of the stromal cells and vice versa, T/F?
And why?
True.
Because both need growth factors from each other to proliferate
The involution of the great in elderly women (>55yrs) can be attributed to low levels of estrogen and growth factors, T/F?
True.
The male breast consists of ______ & _____
Small ducts embedded in fat.
N/B: no alveoli
The complete absence of the breast is called _____
Amazia
The presence of multiple breasts is called _____
Polymazia
The presence of an accessory nipple is called ______
Polythelia
