Breakout 6 Flashcards
evasion strategies that change how you look
genetic rearrangement
point mutations
genomic shuffling
evasion strategies to block immune system
decoys
competitive inhibitors
non-functional homologs
evasion strategies to change the microenvironment
promote a non-productive immune response
evasion strategies to hide from immune system
infect immunopriveleged sites
latency
blocking antigen presentation
genetic arrangement to avoid immune system
-example
african trypanosomes
* protozoan parasite that cause african sleeping sickness
* only 1 glycoprotein expressed at time
* can change glycoprotein expressed to evade immune response
* antibodies dont recognize it bc it can change glycoprotein
point mutations lead to antigenic diversity
error prone viral and bacterial polymerases can lead to inherited mutations -> change “looks”
genome shuffling
example
influenza has 9 RNA segments all be encapsidated into one virus
antigenic shift in influenza
MAJOR and drastic
due to reassortment event involve gene segments coding for hemagluttinin glycoprotein
- immune respone absent
antigen drift in influenza
slow change and not drastic
point mutation
immune response may be decreased due to change in affinity for antigen or protective Abs may not work anymore
the evasion strategies that block the immune system all attack the
complement pathway
mechanism 1 of block immune system:
recruit and/or production of negative regulators
production of DAF homolog
dissociates C3 convertase of classical pathwy
mechanism 2 of block immune system:
inactivate complement cascade with enzymes
production of enzymes that degrade C3 into C3a-like and C3b-like
prevents activation of both classical and alternative pathway
mechanism 3 of block immune system:
direct inhib with comp binding/direct interaction
production of Fc receptor which binds antibodies
prevent activation of both classical and alternative
cont. direct inhibition with competitive binding/direct interaction
bacteria make own Fc receptor so they cant be phagocytosed and tagged for destruction
additional examples of direct inhibition w/competitive binding/direct interaction
production of CD59 homolog that prevents formation of membrane attack complex