Breakdown and Biosynthesis of AA #19

Question 1

which 5 aa are broken down into pyruvate

Answer 1

Alanine, cysteine, glycine, serine, threonine

Question 2

what 2 aa are broken down into oxaloacetate

Answer 2

asparagine and aspartate

Question 3

the degradation of arg, glu, glutamine, his, proline lead to the formation of ?

Answer 3

alpha- ketoglutarate

Question 4

which 4 aa are converted to succinyl-coA

Answer 4

isoleucine, methionine, threonine, valine

Question 5

leucine and lysine degradation forms

Answer 5

acetyl-coA and acetoacetate

Question 6

tryptophan is degraded to

Answer 6

acetoacetate

Question 7

phenylalanine and tyrosine form ?

Answer 7

fumarate and acetoacetate

Question 8

glucogenic AA are degraded into?

Answer 8

pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinyl-coA, fumarate, oxaloacetate

Question 9

ketogenic AA are degraded into

Answer 9

acetyl-coA and acetoacetate which can be converted to fatty acids or ketone bodies

Question 10

folates must be - to biologically active -

Answer 10

• reduced

- THF (a carrier of C1 units)

Question 11

what do sulfanomides and p-aminobenzoic acid do

Answer 11

inhibit THF synthesis

Question 12

the alpha keto acid carbon skeletons of - AA are converted to AA by - reactions, using preformed alpha amino nitrogen of -

Answer 12

• non essential
• transamination
• glutamate

Question 13

glutamate must be obtained from the diet, - tongue receptors senses - from the diet

Answer 13

• umami

- monosodium glutamate (MSG)

Question 14

glutamine is a storage form of -

Answer 14

ammonia

Question 15

control of glutamine synthesis is vital for

Answer 15

nitrogen balance

Question 16

glutamine synthetase is allosterically activated by

Answer 16

alpha keto glutarate (its a product of glutamate DH)

Question 17

byproduct of the urea cycle is

Answer 17

arginine

Question 18

serine is synthesized from

Answer 18

3-phosphoglycerate

Question 19

glycine is synthesized from

Answer 19

serine

Question 20

cysteine is synthesized from

Answer 20

methionine and serine

Question 21

heme is synthesized from

Answer 21

glycine and syccinyl-coA

Question 22

the synthesis of amine starts with

Answer 22

amino acid decarboxylation

Question 23

ariginine gives rise to

Answer 23

hormonally active NO

Question 24

epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine are formed from

Answer 24

trp, glu, his

Question 25

L-DOPA is the precursor of

Answer 25

melanins, which give hair and skin color

Question 26

Nitric Oxide synthase reaction

Answer 26

L-arginine, L-hydroxyarginine, L-citrulline
is contained in leukocytes, is required fo efficient production of OH radicals which kills incoming bacteria
endotoxic shock and inflammation damage, caused by excess NO release from leukocytes