Brazil

Question 1

history

Answer 1

• 1822, independence from Portugal
• 1889, Republic - Old Republic
• 1930s, revolution - Getulio Vargas, dictator who restored democracy after ww2
• 1964, military rule
• 1985 end military rule
• 1988 new constitution

Question 2

political institutions

Answer 2

federal state;
1. central government, Union
2. state governments; 26 states who elect governor, lieutenant governor and Legislative Assembly, serving 4 years
3. local governments, municipios

Question 3

executive

Answer 3

presidential system; elected every 4 years
2003-2010; Luiz da Silva (Lula)
2011-2016; Dilma Roussef
2019-present; Bolsenaro

Question 4

legislative

Answer 4

balanced bicameralism;
- upper house, Senate, consists of 3 senates from each state (81), who serve 8 years term with elections every 4 years
- lower house, Chamber of Deputies, 513 representatives from 26 states & federal district, four year term

Question 5

judiciary

Answer 5

supreme, superior and 5 regional federal courts, more courts
Ministerio Publico checks goverment

Question 6

media

Answer 6

private (globo Network), not much government regulation

Question 7

interest groups

Answer 7

under military rule, corporatism
now pluralism

Question 8

political parties

Answer 8

multi-party system (fragmented)
PMDP (center)

Question 8

political parties

Answer 8

multi-party system (fragmented)
PMDP (center) Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movements
Workers Party (left)

Question 9

electoral systems

Answer 9

3 different systems
1. majority: president / state governor / mayors of big cities
2. plurality (fptp): senators / mayors of small cities
3. open-list pr: federal & state deputies / councillors

Question 10

2022 election

Answer 10

• Lula (workers party) vs. Bolsonaro (now liberal party, he quit social liberal party); runoff vote for president (second ballot)
• third of senate by fptp