Brant & Helms GI Ques

Question 1

How is the pharynx divided?

Answer 1

1: nasopharynx: extends from:
the skull base to:
the soft palate.
Its function is entirely respiratory.

2: Oropharynx: is posterior to the oral cavity and extends from:
the soft palate to:
the hyoid bone.

3: The hypopharynx: extends from:
the hyoid bone to:
the cricopharyngeus
muscle

Question 2

1: What is the DDx for achalasia?
2: is there increased risk of malignancy?
3: Treatment options include?

Answer 2

1: Chagas; Oesophageal Ca; Peptic strictures
2: Yes
3: Balloon dilatation or Heller’s myotomy