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HFD EO Test > Branningan's Building Construction Chp. 2 > Flashcards

Branningan's Building Construction Chp. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Combine the function of a beam and a column

A

Arches

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2
Q

Vertical or horizontal orientation

A

Attitude

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3
Q

Load that passes through the centroid of a section under construction and is perpendicular to the plane of the section

A

Axial load

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4
Q

Lightweight stell truss joist

A

Bar joist

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5
Q

Structural member that transmits forces perpendicular to such forces to the reaction points

A

Beam

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6
Q

A line of columns in any direction

A

Bent

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7
Q

Structural system that uses diagonal members to provide bracing against lateral wind and earthquake loads.

A

Braced Frame

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8
Q

diagonal member that supports what would otherwise be a cantilever

A

Bracket

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9
Q

Consists of an exterior wythe of brick directly mortared or parged to an inner wythe of concrete masonry unit (CMU)

A

Brick and block composite wall

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10
Q

British thermal unit; the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water 1°F at the pressure of 1 atmosphere and temperature of 60­°F.

A

BTU

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11
Q

Made of steel plates and angles riveted together, as distinguished from one rolled from one piece of steel.

A

Built-up girder

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12
Q

Mass of masonry built against a wall to strengthen it. Necessary when a vault or an arch places a heavy load or thrust on one part of a wall.

A

Buttress

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13
Q

Measured in Btu; the amount of heat required to raise 1 pound of water 1°F.

A

Caloric Value

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14
Q

Upward rise

A

Camber

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15
Q

A beam supported at one end only rigidly held in position at that end.

A

Cantilever beam

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16
Q

Supported by a cantilever

A

Cantilevered

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17
Q

A wall built of two wythes (a single vertical thickness of masonry) separated by a space for rain drainage or insulation.

A

Cavity or hollow wall

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18
Q

The center point at which a body would be stable, or balance, under the influence of gravity.

A

Centroid

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19
Q

The outside member (top and bottom) of a truss, as opposed to the inner “webbed members.”

A

Chord

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20
Q

A structural member that transmits a compressive force along a straight path in the direction of the member.

A

Column

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21
Q

Built up of different parts, pieces, or materials.

A

Composite

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22
Q

A wall composed of two or more masonry materials that react together under load.

A

Composite wall

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23
Q

Direct pushing force, in line with axis member; the opposite of tension.

A

Compression

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24
Q

A load acting on a very small area of the structure’s surface; the exact opposite of a distributed load.

A

Concentrated load

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25
Q

A beam supported at three or more points. It is considered structurally advantageous because if the span between two supports is overloaded, the rest of the beam assists in carrying the load.

A

Continuous beam

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26
Q

No external braces involved; bracing is done within the core of the structure.

A

Core construction

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27
Q

Any wall at right angles to any other wall; the walls should brace one another.

A

Cross wall

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28
Q

The weight of a building; it consists of the weight of all materials of construction incorporated into a building, including but not limited to walls, floor, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in partitions, finishes, cladding, and other similarly incorporated architectural and structural items, as well as fixed service equipment, including the weight of cranes.

A

Dead load

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29
Q

the deformation or displacement of a structural member as a result of loads acting on it.

A

Deflection

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30
Q

Wall bounding a tenant space.

A

Demising wall

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31
Q

A floor designed to stiffen a building against wind and other lateral loads such as earthquakes

A

Diaphragm floor

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32
Q

A force that is perpendicular to the plane of the section but does not pass through the center of the section

A

Eccentric load

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33
Q

The end of a joist that is cut at an angle to permit the joist to fall out of a wall without damaging the load-bearing wall

A

Fire cut

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34
Q

The potential fuel available for a fire in a building

A

Fire load

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35
Q

The ability of a material to avoid ignition, combustion, and the thermal effects of fire

A

Fire resistance

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36
Q

Wall with a fire-resistive rating and structural stability that separates buildings or subdivides a building to prevent the spread of fire.

A

Fire wall

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37
Q

Beam supported at two points and rigidly held into position at both points. This rigidity may cause collapse of a wall if the beam collapses and the rigid connection does not yield properly.

A

Fixed beam

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38
Q

Made by sandwiching a piece of steel between two wooden beams.

A

Flitch plate girder

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39
Q

The lower division of a building that serves to transmit the anchor the loads from the superstructure directly to its earth or rock, usually below ground level

A

Foundation

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40
Q

Another name for a gusset plate in a light-weight wood truss.

A

Gang nail

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41
Q

Beams that support other beams

A

Girders

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42
Q

A connection that depends on the weight of the building to hold it in place.

A

Gravity connection

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43
Q

All of the structural elements of a building and the connections that support the transfer the loads.

A

Gravity resistance system

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44
Q

A series of closely spaced beams designed to carry a particularly heavy load.

A

Grillage

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45
Q

In a lightweight wood truss, a connecting plate made of a thin sheet of steel used to connect the components of the truss.

A

Gusset plate

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46
Q

Masonry units that overlap two or more adjoining wythes of masonry to tie them together.

A

Headers

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47
Q

The rate at which the potential heat in a fuel is released.

A

Heat release Rate (HRR)

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48
Q

When describing wall construction, a wall that acts as one unit (good bonding exists between bricks, blocks, and motor).

A

Homogeneous

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49
Q

Components of a hurricane resistance system that prevents uplift of the components of a structure, including galvanized steel straps, used to connect roof truss to stud walls and anchor bolts used to with sill and sole plates.

A

Hurricane bracing

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50
Q

The effect of a moving load upon a stationary structure.

A

Impact load

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51
Q

A truss incorporating a single compression member; it is inverted because the compression member extends downward.

A

Inverted king post truss

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52
Q

A beam

A

Joist

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53
Q

An arrangement of braces between columns that resembles the letter “K.”

A

K-bracing

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54
Q

Metric unit approximately equivalent to one Btu

A

Kilojoule (kj)

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55
Q

Units for measuring the energy release rate of a fire.

A

Kilowatts (KW)

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56
Q

A 1000-pound force.

A

KIP

57
Q

A wall typically found in the top floor of a wood-frame home with a peaked roof. this short wall “squares off” the triangular area at the edge of the room where the sloping roof meets the floor.

A

Knee Wall

58
Q

A force that acts on a structure from a horizontal direction, such as wind or seismic forces

A

Lateral impact load

59
Q

A wood board typically attached to a wall’s studs that is used to support wood joists.

A

Ledger board

60
Q

A collection of lightweight structural components joined in a triangular unit that can be used to support either floors or roofs; lightweight trusses may be composed of wood or steel (lightweight steel trusses are also known as bar joists)

A

Lightweight Truss

61
Q

The horizontal beam that forms the upper structural member of an opening for a window or door and supports part of the structure above it.

A

Lintel

62
Q

The weight of the building Contents

A

Live Load

63
Q

Any wall that carries a load in addition to its own weight

A

Load-bearing wall

64
Q

Forces or other actions that result from the weight of all building materials, occupants and their possessions, environmental effects, differential movement, and restrained dimensional changes

A

Loads

65
Q

Avery large structure

A

Megastructure

66
Q

Unites for measuring the energy release rate of a fire

A

Megawatts (MW)

67
Q

The tendency of a force to rotate or twist a structural member

A

Moment

68
Q

A connection that, in addition to preventing the beam and column from sliding past each other, prevents rotation of the beam around the column.

A

Moment connection

69
Q

A structural system that utilized special moment connections between columns and beams to resist rotation due to lateral loads such as earthquakes and wind

A

Moment frame

70
Q

A construction technique in which all successive poured concrete castings are joined together so that the structure seems to be like one piece of stone.

A

Monolithic concrete

71
Q

To support an existing wall when a change is to be made in the foundation; holes are often cut through the wall, and this type of beam is inserted and supported on both sides to pick up the load of the walls.

A

Needle beam

72
Q

The line along which the length of the beam does not change

A

Neutral axis

73
Q

A wall supporting no load other than its own weight.

A

Non-load-bearing wall

74
Q

A beam that projects beyond its support but not far enough to be a cantilever

A

Overhanging beam

75
Q

The connection points joining ties, struts, and chords in a truss.

A

Panel points

76
Q

Non-load-bearing enclosing wall on framed buildings

A

Panel wall (curtain wall)

77
Q

A structural member in which both the upper and lower chords are in line with each other.

A

Parallel-chord truss

78
Q

A non-load-bearing wall that subdivides spaces within any story of a building or room

A

Partition wall

79
Q

A load-bearing wall that is common to two structures.

A

Party wall

80
Q

Short columns of masonry, usually rectangular in horizontal cross section, used to support other structural members.

A

Piers

81
Q

A masonry column projecting from one or both faces of the wall in which it is located

A

Pilaster

82
Q

A description for structural elements that are connected by simple connectors such as bolts, rivets, or welded joints.

A

Pinned

83
Q

Design based on connections that redirect overloads to other sections of the building.

A

Plastic design

84
Q

Heavy riveting of girders to columns from the top to the bottom of the frame

A

Portal bracing

85
Q

A concrete member that is cast and cured in a place other than its final position in the structure.

A

Precast

86
Q

A type of wall that acts as a vertical cantilever when it is being erected and is braced by tormentors or temporary bracing poles

A

Precast concrete tilt-slab wall

87
Q

Designation of the HRR; refers to the rate at which a fuel will burn

A

Q̇

88
Q

A truss with two compression members.

A

Queen post truss

89
Q

Diagonal bracing columns

A

Rakers

90
Q

The response in structures to the imposed loads, which are generally developed at the supports.

A

Reaction

91
Q

In concrete masonry construction, steel reinforcement that is imbedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting forces.

A

Reinforced concrete

92
Q

A load that is applied intermittently

A

Repeated load

93
Q

Structural frame in which all columns and beams are rigidly connected. there are no hinged joints, and the angular relationship between beams and column members in maintained under load.

A

Rigid frame

94
Q

A phenomenon in wood trusses in which differences in moisture levels between the upper and lower wood truss chords cause the truss to bend and create a rise in the roof.

A

Rising roof

95
Q

A wall composed of inner and outer wythes of coursed masonry. The space between the wythes is filled with random masonry, sometimes mixed with mortar. such walls are unstable to a lateral thrust.

A

Rubble masonry wall

96
Q

The ratio of the strength of the material just before failure to the safe working stress

A

Safety factor

97
Q

A water-soluble mixture used in the past as mortar; when water is applied, the mortar can be washed away from the wall.

A

Sand-lime mortar

98
Q

A type of floor in which floor girders are set on anchor boxes in walls and caps attached to columns. a wood cleat or steel dog iron similar to a big staple is used to provide minimal stability. Often used in heavy-timber construction.

A

Self-releasing floor

99
Q

Another term for dead load

A

Self-weight

100
Q

A curving wall

A

Serpentine wall

101
Q

Forces occurring within a building member when opposing forces pull the member in opposite directions.

A

Shear

102
Q

A connection that prevents a column and beam from sliding past each other.

A

Sear connections

103
Q

A wall that counteracts the effects of lateral loads such as wind and earthquakes

A

Shear wall

104
Q

A beam supported at two points near its ends. In simple beam construction, the load is delivered to the two reaction points and the rest of the structure renders no assistance in an overload

A

Simple beam

105
Q

A three-dimensional pyramid-like truss

A

Spaceframe

106
Q

An open web design used for the support of floors and roofs

A

Stell joist

107
Q

The capacity of a member or framework to resist imposed loads without excessive deflection

A

Stiffness

108
Q

The actual percentage of elongation (deformation) when a material is stressed.

A

Strain

109
Q

Force per unit area that produces a deformation

A

Stress

110
Q

Masonry units laid horizontally with their length in the direction of the face of the wall.

A

Stretchers

111
Q

Components of a structure that include beams, trusses, columns, arches, and walls.

A

Structural elements

112
Q

All members of a structure that are tied together to carry the imposed loads of the substructure, and hence to the ground

A

Structural frame

113
Q

Bracing columns

A

Struts

114
Q

A simple beam, with one or both ends suspended on a tension member such as a chain, cable, or rod

A

Sespended beam

115
Q

A hanging load supported from above

A

Suspended load

116
Q

A pulling or stretching force in line with the axis of the body; the opposite of compression, which is pushing, crushing stress

A

Tension

117
Q

A rod in tension; used to hold parts of a structure together

A

Tie-rod

118
Q

In a truss member, the tensile connecting members of the web.

A

Ties

119
Q

The measurable turning force applied to a structural member.

A

Torque

120
Q

A force tending to twist a structural member

A

Torsion

121
Q

A beam that typically carries a load around a large opening over an area in order to avoid intervening columns

A

Transfer beam

122
Q

The manner in which a load is spread from the point of application to the ground

A

Transmission

123
Q

A roof truss that is triangular in shape; it is used to create a peaked roof.

A

Triangular truss

124
Q

A type of beam that is a framed structure consisting of a triangle or group of triangles arranged in a single plane in such a manner that loads applied at the points of intersections of the members will cause only direct stresses (tension or compression) in the members

A

Truss

125
Q

Externally braced structure

A

Tube construction

126
Q

the highest load that a member or structure can sustain before failure occurs

A

Ultimate strength

127
Q

A load that is applied evenly over an area

A

Uniformly distributed load

128
Q

a wall made up of a single vertical thickness of masonry that is designed to improve the exterior appearance of a building

A

Veneer wall

129
Q

A rectangular truss with very rigid corner bracing

A

Vierendell truss

130
Q

The wedge-shaped blocks whose converging sides radiate from a center, forming the elements of an arch or vaulted ceiling

A

Voussoirs

131
Q

A structural element that transmits to the ground the compressive forces applied along the top or received at any point on it.

A

Wall

132
Q

A supporting member of steel, reinforced concrete, or solid masonry ( such as brick or solid block) in a block wall. concentrated loads such as main girders are applied to the wall directly above these.

A

Wall Column

133
Q

Units for measuring the energy release rate of a fire

A

Watts (W)

134
Q

The group of struts, ties, and panel points in a truss.

A

Web

135
Q

Drainage holes in masonry wall that allow water trapped inside the wall to escape

A

Weep holes

136
Q

cast-in-place concrete that unites the rods projecting from precast sections

A

Wet joint

137
Q

the positive or negative force of the wind acting on a structure

A

Wind load

138
Q

Single continuous vertical walls of masonry units (one masonry unit in thickness

A

Wythes

HFD EO Test (16 decks)

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