Branches of Philosophy Flashcards
Study of the fundamental nature of reality and the nature that science still cannot answer.
Metaphysics
A Greek philosopher thought everything is made up of water.
Thales
They believed the most basic element of all things on earth is the Qi.
The Ancient Chinese
It is impossible to attain the truth using only our apprehension and reason.
Skepticism
Concerned with the nature, sources, and limits of knowledge.
Epistemology
The construction of valid arguments using logic and facts.
Reasoning
Propositions that are independent of any experiences. Uses logic and reason.
A Priori
Propositions that are only knowable through experience.
A Posteriori
- The theory is that all true knowledge can only be attained via senses and experiences.
- Based on posteriori statements and deductive reasoning.
Empiricism
- The theory that all true knowledge is based on logic, laws, and methods that reason develops.
- Based on a priori statements and inductive reasoning.
Rationalism
- The branch of philosophy is concerned with the nature of values, principles, and behaviors.
- Gives a concrete guideline to understanding right from wrong.
- A study of what are good and bad ends to pursue in life.
Ethics
Blind acceptance of an ideology, norm, principle, or behavior.
Moral Authority
The instance when right and wrong are relative to a person/culture.
Moral Relativism.
The brach of philosophy that concerns with the nature and value of arts and aesthetic experience.
Aesthetics
Study of proper reasoning using valid and sound inference, statements, and propositions.
Logic
Name the three elements of logic.
- Consistency
- Soundness
- Completeness
A term of statement. Arguments have more than one meaning.
Fallacies of Ambiguity
An argument is a direct attack on the person instead of the arguments made.
Argumentum ad Hominem
The argument uses emotion to persuade rather than prove.
Appeal to Emotions
The argument is proven true because there is no way to disprove it.
Arguement from Ignorance
An argument is believed as true because the person saying it is considered an “authority on the subject matter.”
Appeal to Authority
