BRANCHES OF GEOLOGY

Question 1

______ examines the Earth’s materials, such as minerals and rocks,
and the processes that shape the Earth’s surface and interior.

Answer 1

PHYSICAL GEOLOGY

Question 2

Mineralogy is a study of ______, their ________, _________, and _________.

Answer 2

minerals, composition, properties

Question 4

Study of rocks, their origin, classification, and formation processes.

Answer 4

Petrology

Question 5

Study of landforms and the processes that shape them.

Answer 5

GEOMORPHOLOGY

Question 6

VOLCANOLOGY

Answer 6

A study of volcanoes, volcanic activities and related phenomena.

Question 7

A study of earthquake and the propagation of seismic waves.

Answer 7

SEISMOLOGY

Question 8

Helps in understanding natural hazards like _________, ________, and ______ __________.

Answer 8

earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruption

Question 9

focuses on the Earth’s history, including the evolution of life, past climates, and the formation of geological features over time.

Answer 9

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY

Question 10

Stratigraphy, study of rock layers (strata) and their _________,
_________, and ___________.

Answer 10

sequence, composition, correlation

Question 11

Study of fossils to understand the history of life on Earth.

Answer 11

PALEONTOLOGY

Question 12

Geochronology, study of the age of rocks and geological events using
_________ ________ and other techniques.

Answer 12

radiometric dating

Question 13

Helps __________ the Earth’s past and understand the _________ of life.

Provides context for the formation of natural resources like _____, ______, and
______.

Answer 13

reconstruct, evolution

oil, gas, coal

Question 14

__________ investigates the deformation of rocks and the forces that
cause it, such as folding, faulting, and fracturing.

Answer 14

Structural geology

Question 15

Tectonics

Answer 15

Study of the movement and interaction of Earth’s
lithospheric plates.

Question 16

Study of the behavior of rocks under stress.

Answer 16

ROCK MECHANICS

Question 17

Study of the geometry and formation of faults and folds.

Answer 17

FAULT AND FOLD ANALYSIS

Question 18

Critical for civil engineering projects like ________, _______ __________, and _________.

Essential for understanding earthquake mechanics and mountain-
building processes
mining.

Answer 18

tunneling, dam construction, mining

Question 19

Economic geology focuses on the ________ and ____________ of Earth’s
natural resources, such as minerals, metals, and fossil fuels.

Answer 19

exploration, extraction

Question 20

Identification and evaluation of mineral deposits.

Answer 20

MINERAL EXPLORATION

Question 21

Study of oil and gas reservoirs and their extraction.

Answer 21

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

Question 22

Mining Geology, study of _____ _________ and _________ _________.

Answer 22

ore deposits, mining techniques

Question 23

_________ the raw materials needed for industries and infrastructure.

Helps in sustainable resource management and environmental
protection.

Answer 23

Provide

Question 24

_________ applies geological principles to civil engineering projects,
ensuring the stability and safety of structures.

Answer 24

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

Question 25

Assessment of geological conditions at construction sites.

Answer 25

SITE INVESTIGATION

Question 26

Analysis of landslides and slope failures.

Answer 26

SLOPE STABILITY

Question 27

Evaluation of subsurface conditions for building foundations.

Answer 27

FOUNDATION DESIGN

Question 28

Ensures the ________ and _______ of infrastructure like bridges, dams, and buildings. _________ geological hazards such as landslides and earthquakes.

Answer 28

safety, durability Mitigates

Question 29

_________ focuses on the interaction between humans and the geological environment, addressing issues like pollution, resource management, and natural hazards.

Answer 29

Environmental Geology

Question 30

Study of groundwater and its movement through aquifers.

Answer 30

HYDROGEOLOGY

Question 31

Assessment and mitigation of natural hazards like floods, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions

Answer 31

GEOHAZARDS

Question 32

WASTE MANAGEMENT

Answer 32

Study of geological solutions for waste disposal and pollution control.

Question 33

Promotes _________ ___________ and _________ __________. Helps manage natural resources and mitigate environmental risks.

Answer 33

sustainable development, environmental protection

Question 34

Geophysics uses physical methods to study the _______ _________, including its ___________, __________, and __________.

Answer 34

Earth's interior, composition, structure, processes

Question 35

Study of seismic waves to understand Earth's interior and earthquake mechanics.

Answer 35

SEISMOLOGY

Question 36

Measurement of Earth's magnetic field to study subsurface structures.

Answer 36

MAGNETOMETRY

Question 37

Techniques to map variations in Earth's gravity and magnetic fields.

Answer 37

GRAVITY AND MAGNETIC SURVEY

Question 38

Provides insights into Earth's interior and tectonic processes. Used in ________ _______ and hazard assessment.

Answer 38

resource exploration

Question 39

Hydrogeology is the study of groundwater, including its _________, _________, and __________ with the geological environment.

Answer 39

distribution, movement, interaction

Question 40

Study of groundwater reservoirs and their properties.

Answer 40

AQUIFER CHARACTERIZATION

Question 41

Groundwater Contamination

Answer 41

Assessment of pollutants in groundwater systems.

Question 42

Sustainable management of groundwater resources.

Answer 42

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Question 43

Critical for water supply and irrigation projects. Helps in addressing issues like ___________ ___________ and __________.

Answer 43

groundwater depletion, contamination