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Med Neuro Block 3 > Brainstem Structure and Cranial Nerve Nuclei > Flashcards

Brainstem Structure and Cranial Nerve Nuclei Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three components of the brainstem

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla

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2
Q

Think of the brainstem cross sections as split into three components

A
  • The portion posterior to the ventricular space (only exists in the midbrain)
  • The portion anterior to the ventricular space
  • Additional structures on the anterior surface
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3
Q

What is the reticular formation responsible for

A
  • a diffuse nucleus in the core of the brainstem that performs integrative functions
  • helps regulate consciousness and contains respiratory and cardiovascular centers
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4
Q

the brainstem serves as a conduit for

A

ascending sensory and descending motor tracts.

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5
Q

Corticospinal tract

A

voluntary movements of limbs

anterior in brainstem

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6
Q

Spinothalmaic tract

A

transmits sensory information re: pain and temperature

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7
Q

Posterior column / Medial lemniscus system

A

– transmits sensory information re:

touch, vibration, pressure and proprioception

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8
Q

How does the brainstem relate to cranial nerve function

A
  • Cell bodies of neurons clustered in “nuclei” throughout the brainstem serve as the origins of motor CNs or as the terminations of sensory CNs
  • Nuclei are bilateral
  • CN Nuclei are Arranged in Functional Columns
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9
Q

Nervous system develops from

A

Neural tube

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10
Q

Neural tube has two components

A 
basal plate (motor) 
alar plate (sensory)
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11
Q

What part of the neural tube is motor

A

basal plate

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12
Q

what part of the neural tube is sensory

A

alar plate

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13
Q

How is the brainstem development similar to spinal cord development

A

-it comes from the nueral tube. but instead of staying in same layout it opens up like a book so that basal plate (motor) stays more medial and alar plate (sensory) becomes more lateral

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14
Q

Trick for brainstem layout

A

motor-medial

sensory-sides

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15
Q

Which cranial nerves come from the midbrain

A

I-olfactory
II-optic
III-oculomotor
IV-trochlear

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16
Q

Which cranial nerve is at the midpons level

A

V-trigeminal

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17
Q

Which cranial nerves should you associate with the pons

A

V
VI
VII
VIII

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18
Q

Which cranial nerves should you associate with the medulla

A

IX
X
XI
XII

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19
Q

how are cranial nerve nuclei arranged

A

functional columns

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20
Q

What brainstem nuclei are functionally somatic motor

A

oculomotor III
Trochlear IV
Abducens VI
Hypoglossal XII

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21
Q

What brainstem nuclei are functionally Branchial motor

A

Motor nucleus of V
Facial nucleus VII
Nucleus ambiguus IX
Spinal Accessory nucleus (Located in spinal cord) X

22
Q

What brainstem nuclei are functionally Visceral Motor

A

Edinger-Westphal III
Salivatory VII
Inferior Salivatory IX
Dorsal motor nucleus of X

23
Q

What brainstem nuclei are visceral sensory

A

Rostral Nucleus solitarius (gustatory nucleus) VII, IX and X

Caudal nucleus solitarius (cardiorespiratory nucleus) IX and X

24
Q

What brainstem nuclei are Somatic Sensory

A

Trigeminal nuclei V, VII, IX and X

25
Q

What brainstem nuclei are Special Sensory

A

Cochlear nucleus VIII

Vestibular nuclei VIII

26
Q

What is the hole in the center of the midbrain

A

cerebral aqueduct

27
Q

posterior to cerebral aqueduct in midbrain

A

tectum

28
Q

anterior to cerebral aqueduct in midbrain

A

tegmentum

29
Q

Additional structures on the anterior of the midbrain

A

Cerebral peduncle

30
Q

region around the cerebral aqueduct

A

periaqueductal gray matter

31
Q

tectum in rostral medulla

A

superior colliculus

32
Q

tectum in caudal midbrain

A

inferior colliculus

33
Q

What supplies the medial aspect of the medulla

A

anterior spinal artery

34
Q

What supplies the lateral aspect of the medulla

A

vertebral and PICA

35
Q

other than the vertebral artery what supplies the lateral part of the caudal medulla (especially in the more posterior region of the caudal medulla)

A

Posterior spinal artery

36
Q

What supplies the medial aspect of the pons

A

basilar

37
Q

what supplies the posterior/lateral aspect of the caudal pons

A

AICA

38
Q

What supplies medial caudal medulla

A

basilar artery

superior cerebellar artery

39
Q

What supplies the caudal medulla wrapping from posterior medial around laterally

A

PCA

Superior cerebellar

40
Q

What supplies the rostral medulla anteriorly

A

PCA

Posterior communicating

41
Q

What supplies the rostral medulla in the center

A

PCA

42
Q

what supplies the rostral medulla posteriorly

A

PCA and Superior Cerebellar

43
Q

Blood vessels in the region of the midbrain:

A

Basilar a.
 Superior cerebellar a.
 Posterior cerebral a.
 Posterior communicating a.

44
Q

Blood vessels in the region of the pons:

A

Basilar a.
 AICA
 Superior cerebellar a.

45
Q

Blood vessels in the region of the medulla:

A

Vertebral a.
 PICA
 Anterior spinal a. (medial)
 Posterior spinal a. (lateral)

46
Q

Weber’s syndrome

A

PCA, Midbrain, cerebral peduncle

47
Q

Medial Pontine syndrome

A

Basilar artery, Medial pons

48
Q

Lateral pontine syndrome

A

Superior Cerebellar artery (rostral) or AICA (caudal), Lateral pons

49
Q

Medial medullary syndrome

A

vertebral artery or anterior spinal artery, medial medulla

50
Q

Lateral medullary syndrome

A

vertebral artery or PICA, lateral medulla

Med Neuro Block 3 (10 decks)

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