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MedNeuro > Brainstem > Flashcards

Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

Brainstem includes

A

Medulla
Pons
Midbrain

(Exlcude cerebellum)

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2
Q

Most caudal portion if the brain

A

Medulla or myelencephalon

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3
Q

Maeks the approximate location of the motor (pyramidal) decussation of the medulla

A

Foramen magnum

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4
Q

Cranial nerves associated with the medulla

A

Hypo 12
Accessory 11
Vagus 10
Glosso 9

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5
Q

Which nuclei are found in the medulla

A

Nuclei of

Hypo
Vagus
Glosso
Trigem

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6
Q

The cranial nerves of the pons-medulla junction

A

Adbucens
Facial
Vestibulo

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7
Q

What nerves exit in the pons medulla junction

A

Abducens
Facial
Vestibulo

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8
Q

Two portions of the pons

A

Pontine tegmentum

Basilar pons

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9
Q

Emerges from the lateral aspect of the pons

A

Trigem

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10
Q

Cerebellum is joined to the brainstem by 3 large paired bundles of fibers called

A

Cerebellar peduncle

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11
Q

Connects cerebell to medulla

A

Inf cereb peduncle

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12
Q

Connects cereb to basilar pons

A

Middle/brachium pontis

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13
Q

Cereb is joined to midbrain by

A

Superior/brachium conjunctivum

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14
Q

Midbrain extends rostrally from the pons midbrain junction to join the

A

Dien

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15
Q

Exits in the Nterior aspect of the midbrain

A

Oculo 3

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16
Q

What exits from the posterior aspect of the midbrain

A

Trochlear 4

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17
Q

The exit of the trochlear is regarded as the ___ of the brainstem

A

Pontomesenphalic junction

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18
Q

Composes the isthmus rhombencephali

A 
Pontomesencephalic junction (tochlear exit)
Decussating fibers
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19
Q

Posterior midbrain is characterized by

A

superior and inferior colliculi

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20
Q

Anterior aspect characterized by what

A

Crus cerebri

Interpeduncular fossa

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21
Q

Central core of the midbrain and pons

A

Tegmentum

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22
Q

Ventral protions of the midbrain and pons is called

A

Basilar areas

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23
Q

Tegmentum of pons and midbrain and contiguous central portion of medulla contain what

A

Ascending and descending tracts
Relay nuclei
Nuclei of 3-12

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24
Q

Basilar area of brainstem contains

A

Descending tract of crus cerebri
Basilar pons
Pyramid of medulla

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25
Q

Ventricular spaces in the brainstem

A

Cerebral aqueduct

Fourth ventricle

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26
Q

Connects 3rd and 4th ventricle

A

cerebral aqueduct

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27
Q

Roof of the midbrain

A

Tectum

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28
Q

Walls of aqueduct is formed by mantle of cells called

A

Periaqueductal gray

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29
Q

The 4th ventricle is a cavity of the

A

Rhomben

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30
Q

The fourth ventricle is continuous with the subarachnoid space via

A

Midline Magendie

Lateral Luschkas

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31
Q

Located in the caudal roof of the 4th ventricle

A

Magendie

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32
Q

Magendie opens into

A

Dorsal cerebellomedullary cistern/cisterna magna

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33
Q

Luschka ends at the

A

Lateral cerebellomedullary cistern

34
Q

Roof of tue 4th ventricle is formed by

A

Anterior/superior medullary velum rostrally

Tela choroidea

Cerebellum in the middle

35
Q

Wall of the 4thventricle

A

cerebellar peduncles

Attachment of tela choroidea

36
Q

The tela choroidea arises from

A

Inf surface of cerebellum

37
Q

Floor of the 4th ventricle

A

Rhomboid fossa

38
Q

Rhomboid fossa is divided into two by

A

Median sulcus

39
Q

Each half of he rhomboid fossa is traversed by

A

Sulcus limitans

40
Q

Rostral depression within the sulcus

A

Superior fovea

41
Q

Lateral depression of the sulcus

A

Facial colliculi

42
Q

Caudla depression of sulcus

A

Inferior fovea

43
Q

Found beside (medially?) the inferior fovea

A

Vagus and hypogloss trigones

44
Q

Series of fiber bundles running from the midline laterally into the lateral recess

A

Stria medullares

45
Q

Rostral edge of the striae medullares is regarded as the

A

Pons-medulla junction

46
Q

Nuclei located medial to the limitans is __ in function

A

Motor

47
Q

Nuclei found lateral to the limitans are ___ in function

A

Sensory

48
Q

Nuclei found medial to sulcus

A

Hypogloss and Vagal trigones Representing the:

Hypoglossal and dorsal motor vagal nuclei

49
Q

Medial to the sulcus limitans in the caudla pontine area

A

Facial colliculi representing the:

abducens motor nuclei
Internal genu of the facial nerve

50
Q

Lateral to the sulcus in the medulla and pons is a flattened region called what

A

Bestibular area/vestibular nuclei

51
Q

Motor nuclei of cranial nerves arise from

A

Basal plate

52
Q

sensory nuclei of cranial nerves arise from

A

Alar plate

53
Q

The 4th ventricle flares open at the level of

A

Level of the obex

54
Q

Separates structures derived from basal plate and alar plate

A

sulcus limitans

55
Q

sensosry and functional components associated with the spinal nerves

A

SA
VA
SE
VE

56
Q

functional component presumably arose from the mesoderm of pharyngeal arches

A

special visceral efferent SVE

57
Q

all straited muscles innervated by cranial nerves (3-6 7 9 10 12) arise from

A

paraxial mesoderm

58
Q

smooth muscle and glandular epithelium of the developing head receive innervation via

A

preganglionic visceromotor

59
Q

nuclei of glosso ang vagus are found where

A

nucleus ambiguus

60
Q

inveration of the Masticatory muscle, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastri

A

trigem from arch 1

61
Q

innevation of the Muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric

A

facial from arch 2

62
Q

innveration of the stylopharyngues

A

glosso from arch 3

63
Q

innveration of the Muscles of the pharynx (constrictors), palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, larynx (including the vocalis muscle, a medial portion of the thyroarytenoid muscle), striated muscle in upper two thirds of esophagus, and muscles of soft palate except tensor veli palatini

A

vagus from arch 4

64
Q

herniation causes

A

displacement
damage
destruction
neurologic deficits

65
Q

central herniation is aka

A

transtentorial herniation

66
Q

space-occupying lesion in the hemisohere elevates intracranial pressure anf forces the dien downward through the tentorial notch and into the brainstem

A

centrl herniation

67
Q

effect on respi when the central herniation progresses downward

A

Cheyne-Stokes respitarion with intermittent tachypnea and apnea

68
Q

in central herniation, what is pushed out of its normal position

A

diencephalon

69
Q

movement of the rostromedial edge of the temporal lobe downward over the edge of the tentorium cerebelli

A

uncal herniation

70
Q

common cause of uncal herniation

A

expanding hemorrhagic lesion in the hemisohere

71
Q

early sign of uncal herniation

A

dilated pupil
abnormal eye movement with double vision
weakness of extrems

72
Q

double vision in uncal herniation is _____ to the herniation

A

ipsilateral

73
Q

the weakness of the extremes in uncal herniation is found on which side

A

opposite the dilated pupil

74
Q

A mass in the posterior fossa may force portions of the cerebellum upward through the tentorial notch and compress the midbrain

A

upward cerebellar herniation

75
Q

upward cerebellar herniationcompressses what

A

midbrain

76
Q

usual result of upward cerebellar herniation

A

occlusion of superior cerebellar artery resulting to infarction of the cerebellum/obstruction of the aqueduct > hydrocephalus

77
Q

Pressure in the posterior fossa may force the cerebellar tonsils downward into and possibly through the foramen magnum; this is

A

tonsillar herniation

78
Q

what is pushed in tonsillar herniation

A

cerebellar tonsils

79
Q

result of tonsillar herniation

A

rapid loss of respiration and a failure of medullary cardiac activity.

80
Q

VA receiving area for the brainstem is the

A

solitary tract and nucleus

MedNeuro (3 decks)

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