Brainstem Flashcards
Which embryonic brain vesicles are included in the brainstem?
All, except the telencephalon:
- Diencephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Rhombencephalon (less the cerebellum)
The seven cranial nerves which enter/leave the medulla:
VI - Abductens (oculomotor)
VII - Facial (face, taste, salivation)
VIII - Vestibulocochlear (auditory, vestibular)
IX - Glossopharyngeal (taste)
X - Vagus (parasympathetic)
XI - Accessory (face & head muscles)
XII - Hypoglossal (swallowing & speech)
Four distinct structures on the ventral side of the medulla:
Pyramids (located medially) & olives (located ventrally)
Structures on the dorsal side of the medulla:
Gracile tubercles (receive fibres from the fasciculus gracilis) & cuneate tubercles (receive fibres from the fasciculus cuneatus)
The pons extends dorsally towards the cerebellum as the…
…cerebellar peduncles
The thick cranial nerve leaving the pons on both sides:
V - the trigeminal nerve (branches out into the opthalmic (innervating the eye region), the maxillary (innervating the maxilla), and the mandibular (innervating the mandible).
Nerves, visible from the ventral view (rostral to the pons):
I - Olfactory
II - Optic
III - Oculomotor
IV - Trochlear
The survace area visible in the fourth ventricle when the cerebellum is cut off is the…
…tegmentum
Find the cerebral peduncles
Find the mammillary bodies (functionally belonging to the limbic system)
Pituitary gland (hypophysis)
The “stalk” of the pituitary gland is called the …
…infundibulum
The four prominent bumps on the dorsal side of the midbrain:
the tectum (or corpora quadrigemnia) - the top pair are the superior colliculi, the bottom pair - the inferior colliculi.
The small body above the superior colliculi is the…
…pineal gland (epiphysis)
The hypothalamus
