Brains and Bodies Flashcards
What is an agonist?
A chemical that mimisc a neurotransmitter
What is Glutamate?
Glutamate is an exitatory neurotransmitter
What type of cells protect the axon?
Glial cells
What is GABA?
GABA is a calming neurotransmitter
What is an antagonist?
A chemical that blocks a receptor by binding to it
What is the structure of a neuron?
A nuron is composed of the soma, dendrite, and axon
What is the function of the soma?
The soma protects the nucleus of the neuron and keeps it alive
What is the function of the dendrite?
The dendrite collects information from other cells and transmits that information to the soma
What is the function of the axon?
The axon transmits information from the soma to terminal buttons
What is the function of the terminal buttons?
The terminal buttons communicate with other cells by producing a neurotransmitter
What is the natural state of a neuron?
Resiting potential
What is resting potential?
Resting potential is the natural state of a neuron. The inside of the neuron contains more negatively charged ions than the outside environment
What is action potential?
Action potential occurs when the soma receives a strong enough input, sending a signal down the axon, which lets positively charged sodium ions through the myelin sheath.
What is localization of function?
Localization of function is the ability for stimuli to be processed without the brain, such as pain reflex being processed in the spinal cord
What is the function of glial cells?
They surround and link neurons, provide nutrients, and absorb unused neurotransmitters
What are the 2 major nervous systems?
Central and Peripheral
What are the different parts of the peripheral nervous system?
Autonaumic and Somatic
What are the different parts of the Automatic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
What is the main function fo the sympathetic nervous system?
The sympathetic nervous system increases the function of the autonomic nervous system
What is the main function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
The parasympathetic nervous systen calms the function of the autonomic nervous system
What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?
The autonomic nervous system handles automatic internal activities such as hartrate, blood pressure, breathing, and salivation
What is the main function of the somatic nervous system?
The somatic nervous system handles function of the skeletal muscles
What is the concept of a lizard brain?
The lizard brain contains all the functions for an animal to function such as sex, pleasure, hunger, instincts, reflexes
What aspect of human brains aren’t part of the lizard brain model?
Humans have more layers, better memory, emotions, and corticalization
What is corticalization?
Corticalization is the development of folds in the cerebral cortex and correlates with intelligence
What are the parts of the lizard brain?
Brain stem and limbic system
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?
Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe
What are the 4 parts of the brain stem?
Medulla, pons, reticular formation, thalamus
What are the 5 parts of the limbic system?
Amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum, cerebral cortex
What is the function of the medulla?
The medulla handles heartrate, blood pressure, swallowing, breathing, etc
What is the function of the pons?
Movement and balance
What is the function of the reticular formation?
Filtering stimuli, walking, eating, sleeping, sexual arousal
What is the function of the thalamus?
Filtering stimuli, relaying signals from the brain stem to the limbic system
Whatb is the function of the amygdala?
Perception and reaction of fear and aggression, social cognition
What is the function of the Hypothalamus?
Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, sex by creating the feeling of pleasure when these needs are met
What is the function of the hippocampus?
Transfering short term memory to long term memory
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Handles movement, walking, balance, and also contributes to emotional reponse, procedural memory, stimuli differentiation
What is the function of the cerebral cortex?
Perception, consciousness, thought, and reasoning
What is neuroplasticity?
Neuroplasticity is the brains ability to change it’s structure and function, such as recovering from a stroke
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Reasoning, judgement, planning, and memory
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
Prcessing touch, pain, temperature, pressure
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Processing vision
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
Processing hearing and language
