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PSY 120 > Brains and Bodies > Flashcards

Brains and Bodies Flashcards

1
Q

What is an agonist?

A

A chemical that mimisc a neurotransmitter

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2
Q

What is Glutamate?

A

Glutamate is an exitatory neurotransmitter

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3
Q

What type of cells protect the axon?

A

Glial cells

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4
Q

What is GABA?

A

GABA is a calming neurotransmitter

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5
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

A chemical that blocks a receptor by binding to it

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6
Q

What is the structure of a neuron?

A

A nuron is composed of the soma, dendrite, and axon

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7
Q

What is the function of the soma?

A

The soma protects the nucleus of the neuron and keeps it alive

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8
Q

What is the function of the dendrite?

A

The dendrite collects information from other cells and transmits that information to the soma

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9
Q

What is the function of the axon?

A

The axon transmits information from the soma to terminal buttons

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10
Q

What is the function of the terminal buttons?

A

The terminal buttons communicate with other cells by producing a neurotransmitter

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11
Q

What is the natural state of a neuron?

A

Resiting potential

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12
Q

What is resting potential?

A

Resting potential is the natural state of a neuron. The inside of the neuron contains more negatively charged ions than the outside environment

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13
Q

What is action potential?

A

Action potential occurs when the soma receives a strong enough input, sending a signal down the axon, which lets positively charged sodium ions through the myelin sheath.

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14
Q

What is localization of function?

A

Localization of function is the ability for stimuli to be processed without the brain, such as pain reflex being processed in the spinal cord

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15
Q

What is the function of glial cells?

A

They surround and link neurons, provide nutrients, and absorb unused neurotransmitters

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16
Q

What are the 2 major nervous systems?

A

Central and Peripheral

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17
Q

What are the different parts of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Autonaumic and Somatic

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18
Q

What are the different parts of the Automatic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

19
Q

What is the main function fo the sympathetic nervous system?

A

The sympathetic nervous system increases the function of the autonomic nervous system

20
Q

What is the main function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

The parasympathetic nervous systen calms the function of the autonomic nervous system

21
Q

What is the main function of the autonomic nervous system?

A

The autonomic nervous system handles automatic internal activities such as hartrate, blood pressure, breathing, and salivation

22
Q

What is the main function of the somatic nervous system?

A

The somatic nervous system handles function of the skeletal muscles

23
Q

What is the concept of a lizard brain?

A

The lizard brain contains all the functions for an animal to function such as sex, pleasure, hunger, instincts, reflexes

24
Q

What aspect of human brains aren’t part of the lizard brain model?

A

Humans have more layers, better memory, emotions, and corticalization

25
Q

What is corticalization?

A

Corticalization is the development of folds in the cerebral cortex and correlates with intelligence

26
Q

What are the parts of the lizard brain?

A

Brain stem and limbic system

27
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A

Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe

28
Q

What are the 4 parts of the brain stem?

A

Medulla, pons, reticular formation, thalamus

29
Q

What are the 5 parts of the limbic system?

A

Amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum, cerebral cortex

30
Q

What is the function of the medulla?

A

The medulla handles heartrate, blood pressure, swallowing, breathing, etc

31
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A

Movement and balance

32
Q

What is the function of the reticular formation?

A

Filtering stimuli, walking, eating, sleeping, sexual arousal

33
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

Filtering stimuli, relaying signals from the brain stem to the limbic system

34
Q

Whatb is the function of the amygdala?

A

Perception and reaction of fear and aggression, social cognition

35
Q

What is the function of the Hypothalamus?

A

Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, sex by creating the feeling of pleasure when these needs are met

36
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus?

A

Transfering short term memory to long term memory

37
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Handles movement, walking, balance, and also contributes to emotional reponse, procedural memory, stimuli differentiation

38
Q

What is the function of the cerebral cortex?

A

Perception, consciousness, thought, and reasoning

39
Q

What is neuroplasticity?

A

Neuroplasticity is the brains ability to change it’s structure and function, such as recovering from a stroke

40
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

Reasoning, judgement, planning, and memory

41
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Prcessing touch, pain, temperature, pressure

42
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Processing vision

43
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Processing hearing and language

PSY 120 (6 decks)

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