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PHARMA > BRAINE Pharma Review > Flashcards

BRAINE Pharma Review Flashcards

0
Q

What drugs display tachyphylaxis

A

MED students Love to watch CNN in HD
(MED) Metoclopromide,Ephedrine, Dobutamine

LSD

CNN (calcitonin, Nitroglycerin, Nicotine)

HD (hydralazine, desmopressin)

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1
Q

What drugs display zero order elimination kinetics?

A

WHAT PET

Warfarin
Heparin
Aspirin
Tolbutamide

Phenytoin
Ethanol
Theophylline

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2
Q

Phase I reactions

A

HORD

Hydrolysis
Oxidation
Reduction
Deamination

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3
Q

Cytochrome p450 inhibitors?

A

Inhibitors Stop Cyber Kids from Eating GRApefruit QV

Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Erythromycin
Grapefruit
Tiyonavir
Amiodarone
Quinidine
Valproic acid
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4
Q

Common teratogens?

ACE inhibitors - 
Phenytoin -
Barbiturates - 
DES - 
Ethanol -
A 
ACE inhibitors - fetal renal damage
Phenytoin -fetal hydantoin syndrome
Barbiturates - neonatal dependance
DES - vaginal clear cell adenoCA
Ethanol - fetal alcohol syndrome
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5
Q

Common teratogens??

Lithium -
Isotret -
Misoprostol - 
Penicillamine-
Thalidomide -
A 
Lithium -ebsteins anomaly
Isotret - craniofacial malformations
Misoprostol -  mobius syndrome
Penicillamine- cutis laxa
Thalidomide - phocomelia
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6
Q

Common teratogens?

Smoking -
Tetracycline-
Methimazole-
Sulfonamides - 
Warfarin-
A 
Smoking - IUGR
Tetracycline- tooth discoloration
Methimazole- aplasia cutis congenita
Sulfonamides - kernicterus
Warfarin- 1st tri(chondrodysplasia)
                2nd (CNS malformations)
                3rd (bleeding)
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7
Q

Treatment for organophosphate poisoning?

A

1st choice - ATROPINE

2nd - pralidoxime(must be administered before 6-8 hours)

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8
Q

Most selective drug for prostatic Smooth muscle?

A

Tamsulosin

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9
Q

Drugs that can decrease secretion of aqueous humor?

A

TAMAD gumawa ng Aqueous humor

Timolol
Acetazolamide
Mannitol
Apraclonidine
Dorzolamide
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10
Q

Side effects of Thiazides?

A

Hyper GLUC

Hyper Glycemia
Hyper lipidemia
Hyper uricemia
Hyper Calcemia

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11
Q

What drugs are used to control BP in pheochromocytoma?

A

PLP

Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Labetalol

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12
Q

Primary signs of parkinson disease

A 
TRAP
tremor
rigidity
akinesis
postural instability
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13
Q

Most common side effect of Apomorphine and what drug can be used to prevent it?

A

severe nausea

premedicatr with Trimethobenzamide

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14
Q

What syndrome occurs when Selegiline (mao b inhibitor) is combined with SSRIs?

A

serotonin syndrome

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15
Q

antipsychotic with strongest autonomic effects

and only one with fatal overdose

A

thioridazine

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16
Q

antipyschotic with the weakes autonomic effect and least sedating among typical antipsychotics

A

haloperidol

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17
Q

only antipsychotic that reduces risk of suicide

A

clozapine

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18
Q

Only antipsychotic approved for schizophrenia in youth

A

risperidone

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19
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome symptoms?

and treatment?

A 
Fever
Encephalopathy
Vitals unstable
Elevated cpk
Rigidity

tx: diphenhydramine

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20
Q

Least sedating atypical antipsychotic

A

Aripiprazole

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21
Q

Threshold for toxicity of lithium

A

2 meq/l

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22
Q

Toxic dose of TCA? Lethal dose?

A

7mg/kg td

15 mg/kg ld

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23
Q

What drugs cause erectile dysfunction?

A 
A SORE PEniS cant Fuck Hard
SSRI
opiates
Risperidone
Ethanol
Propranolol
Estrogen
Spironolactone
Finasteride
Hydrochlorothiazide
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24
Q

What drugs cause priapism?

A

Tigas PeniS Qu AyaW Bumaba
Trazodone Papaverine Sildenafil Quetiapine
Alprostadil Warfarin Bupropion

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25
Q

What are the features of Serotonin syndrome?

and treatment

A 
FAT CHD
Fever
Agitation
Tremor
Clonus
Hyperreflexia
Diaphoresis

tx: cyproheptadine

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26
Q

Drug induced lupus?

A

Its HIPP to have LUPUS

Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Procainamide
Penicillamine

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27
Q

Side effect of nitroprusside?

A

cyanide toxicity

Treatment - amyl nitrite + IV Na nitrite + IV Na thiosulfate

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28
Q

What drugs have Narrow therapeutic index?

A

WALA n Cyang PaPa, Vasted na (kasi makitid utak niya)

Warfarin
Aminoglycosides
Lithium
Amphotericin B

Carbamazepine

Phenobarbital
Phenytoin

Vancomycin, theophylline, digoxin

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29
Q

Treatment for digitalis toxicity?

A

lidocaine

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30
Q

What drugs can cause livedo reticularis?

A

HAMburGer with Quezo can cause LIVEDO Reticularis

Hydroxyurea
Amantadine
Minocycline
Gemcitabine
Quinidine
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31
Q

What are the drugs that can cause agranulocytosis?

A 
Si Granny, kailangan naka-CCCAPPIT! Para d madapa!
Colchicine
Co-trimoxazole
Clozapine
Aminopyrine
PTU
Phenoxybutazone
Indomethacin
Tocainide
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32
Q

Different classifications of antiarrhytmic drugs?

A

SBP-C

I - Sodium channel blockers
II - Beta blockers
III - Potassium channel blockers
IV - Calcium channel clockers

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33
Q

Class I A anti-arrhytmics??

A

I Am Queen who Proclaimed Disopyramid

Quinidine
Procainamide
Disopyramide

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34
Q

Class I B antiarrhytmics?

A

I Buy Mexican Tacos from Lily

mexiletine
Tocainide
Lidocaine

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35
Q

Class I C antiarrhytmics?

A

Chicken ay Pagkain For Enrico

Propafenone
Flecainide
Encainide

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36
Q

Class III antiarrhytmics?

A

AIDS

Amiodarone
Ibutilide
Dofetilide
Sotalol

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37
Q

Rate limiting enzyme for ketone body synthesis?

A

HMG CoA synthase

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38
Q

What is the Toxic dose of aspirin?

A

150 mg/kg or 21 aspirin 500 mg tabs

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39
Q

What is the lethal dose of aspirin?

A

30 g (60 aspirin tabs)

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40
Q

What is the antidote of paracetamol overdose?

A

N-acetylcysteine

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41
Q

Toxic dose of Paracetamol?

A

150 mg/kg (21 paracetamol 500 mg tabs)

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42
Q

Lethal dose of Paracetamol?

A

15 g (30 paracetamol 500 mg tabs)

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43
Q

DMARD of 1st choice to treat Rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Methotrexate

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44
Q

Antidote of Methotrexate?

A

LEUCOVORIN or Folinic acid

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45
Q

Rescue agent for Cyclosphamide toxicity?

A

MESNA

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46
Q

DMARD drug that can reactivate latent TB?

A

Infliximab

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47
Q

What drug that can irreversibly inhibits xanthine oxidase?

A

Allopurinol

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48
Q

What are drugs that cause flushing?

A

V-A-N-C

Vancomycin
Adenosine
Niacin
Ca channel blockers

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49
Q

DOC for acute migraine?

A

Sumatriptan

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50
Q

Antidote for ergotamide toxicity.

A

Nitroprusside

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51
Q

Oral and IV treatment for Iron overload?

A

Oral - defrasirOx

IV - deferoxamIne

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52
Q

Treatment for heparin overdose? Warfarin overdose?

A

Heparin overdose - protamine sulfate

Warfarin overdose - vit k and FFP

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53
Q

Advantage of enoxaparin and fondaparinux as compare to heparin?

A

Does not require aPTT

54
Q

Cyp 450 inducers?

A

Ethel Booba takes Penis and Refuses Girls ClitoriS

Ethanol
Barbiturates
Phenytoin
Rifampicin
Griseofulvin
Carbamazepine
Smoking
55
Q

Antidote for alteplase and streptokinase.

A

Aminocaproic acid

56
Q

Treatment for lead poisoning?

A

Dimercaprol

57
Q

Drugs that are category X?

A

Sex ON CAM

Statin
OCP

Clomiphene
Vit A
misoprostol

58
Q

Treatment for rebound hypertension?

A

Phentolamine

59
Q

What drugs can cause gingival hyperplasia?

A

NapaCa-Pangit ng gingiva mo VEH!

Nifedipine
Cyclosporine
Phenytoin
Verapamil

60
Q

DOC for venticular arrhythmias post MI?

A

IB lidocaine?

61
Q

Anti hyperlipidemic drug that can increase risk of cholesterol gallstone?

A

Fibrates

62
Q

shortest and longest halflife opiod?

A

Remifentanil - 3-4 mins

Buprenorphine - 4-8 hrs

63
Q

Triad of opiod overdose?

A

pcr
Pupillary constriction
Comatose state
Respiratory Depression

64
Q

Most dangerous hallucinogenic agent

A

Phencyclidine

65
Q

Wolf-chaikoff versus Jod Basedow?

A

Wolf Chaikoff - ingestion of iodine causes hypothyroidism

Jod Basedow phenomenon - ingestion of iodine causes hyperthyroidism

66
Q

Which antithyroid inhibit peripheral conversion T4 to T3?

A

Propylthiouracil
Propranolol
Hydrocortisone

67
Q

Drugs which can cause drug-induced hyperthyroidism?

A

Clofibrate
Amiodarone
Methadone

68
Q

drug of choice for pregnant patients with cushings syndrome

A

metyrapone

69
Q

Bactericidal antibiotics?

A

Very Finely Proficient at Cell Murder
Vancomycin Fluoroquinolones Penicillins
Aminoglycosides Cephalosporin Metronidazole

70
Q

Bacteriostatic antibiotics?

A 
We're ECSTaTic about bacteriostatics.
Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim
Tetracycline
Chloramphenicol
71
Q

antimicrobial coverage coverage of extended spectrum penicillins?

A 
Amoxicillin HELPS kill Enterococci.
Haemophilus influenzae
Escherichia coli
Listeria monocytogenes
Proteus mirabilis
Salmonella
Enterococci
72
Q

differentiate antimicrobial coverage of first and second gen cephalosporins.

A 
first gen- PEcKs First
Gram positive plus
Proteus mirabilis
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae 
second gen - HEN PEcKS
additional coverage of:
Hemophilus influenzae
Enterobacter aerogenes
Neisseria
Proteus mirabilis
E.coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Serratia marcescens
73
Q

first gen cephalosporins?

A 
FADer help me FAZ my PHarmacology boards
CeFADroxil
CeFAZolin
CePHalothin
CePHapirin
CePHradine
CePHalexin
74
Q

second gen cephalosporins?

A

In a FAMily gathering you see your FOXy cousin wearing a FUR coat and drinking TEA.
CeFAMandole CeFOXitin
CeFURoxime CefoTEtan

75
Q

Third gen cephalosporins?

A 
FEnge PO ng PERA to FIX my TTTTTV
CeFEtamet
CefPOdoxin
CefoPERAzone
CeFIXime
CefTriaxone
CefTazidime
CefoTaxime
CefTizoxime
CefTibuten
76
Q

anti-pseudomonal cephalosporins?

A

Ceftazidime
Cefepime
Cefoperazone

77
Q

examples of antibiotic which are 30s and 50s protein synthesis inhibitors?

A 
Buy AT 30 CELLS at 50
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Lincosamides
Linezolid
Streptogramins
78
Q

All macrolides inhibit CYP450 except?

A

Azithromycin

79
Q

Which antiobiotic is the only drug which inhibits 50s and is bactericidal?

A

Streptogramin - Quinupristin-Dalfopristin

80
Q

Aminoglycoside with the narrowest therapeuti window

A

Amikacin

81
Q

Aminoglycosides which are the most vestibulotoxic and nephrotoxic aminoglycosides.

A

Gentamicin and Tobramycin

82
Q

Aminoglycoside used for Hepatic encephalopathy?

A

Neomycin

83
Q

Most ototoxic aminoglycoside

A

Kanamycin and amikacin

84
Q

Aminoglycoside for Visceral leishmaniasis

A

Paromomycin

85
Q

Drugs which may cause Pulmonary fibrosis

A 
BBBAN ME
Bleomycin
Busulfan
Bromocriptine
Amiodarone
Nitrofurantoin
Methotrexate
86
Q

DOC for West African sleeping sickness with CNS involvement

A

Eflornithine

87
Q

DOC for East African sleeping sickness with CNS involvement

A

Melarsopol

88
Q

DOC for chagas disease

A

nifurtimox

89
Q

DOC for leishmaniasis

A

Sodium Stibogluconate

90
Q

All cestodes treated with praziquantel except for hydatid disease. DOC?

A

Albendazole

91
Q

DOC for trematodes

A

Praziquantel

92
Q

DOC for Trichinosis

A

thiabendazole

93
Q

DOC for pinworm infection

A

pyrantel pamoate

94
Q

DOC for Strongyloidiasis

A

ivermectin

95
Q

DOC for filariasis

A

diethylcarbamazine

96
Q

DOC for whipworm infection

A

mebendazole

97
Q

Drugs which act on M phase

A

Vinblastine
Vincristine
paclitaxel

98
Q

drug which act on g2 phase

A

bleomycin

99
Q

Drug which act on Go phase

A 
alkylating agents
antitumor
antibiotics
nitrosureas
cisplatn
100
Q

drugs which act on s phase

A 
cytarabine
6-mercapturine
6-thioganunine
methotrexate
hydroxyurea
etoposide
101
Q

Rescue tx for Methotrexate?

A

leucoverin

102
Q

Rescue tx for Cyclophosphamide

A

MESNA

103
Q

Rescue tx for Doxurubicin

A

Dexrazoxane

104
Q

Rescue tx for Cisplatin

A

Amifostine

105
Q

side effects of antacids

A

MgOH - diarrhea Mgtatae

AlOH - constipation Alatae

106
Q

DOC for diabetic gastroparesis

A

Metoclopromide

107
Q

DOC for Acute arsenic poisoining, Acute mercury poisoning

A

dimercaprol

108
Q

DOC for chronic lead poisoning

A

oral succimer

EDTA+dimercaprol (for severe cases)

109
Q

DOC for copper poisoning

A

penicillamine

110
Q

manifestation of ASA poisoning

A 
CHAFS
coma
hyperventilation
acidosis
fever 
seizure
111
Q

manifestation of sedative-hypnotics poisoning

and tx

A 
hot hot hot decision
hypothermia
hypotension
hypoactive bs
disinhibition
coma
nystagmus

tx: flumazenil for benzodiazepine overdose

112
Q

increased stool osmolar gap

A 
Methanol
ethanol
diuretics
isopropyl alcohol
ethylene glycol
113
Q

drugs that cause hyperkalemia

A 
beta blockers
digitalis overdose
fluoride
lithium
potassium-sparing diuretics
114
Q

antidote for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning

A

Ethanol or fomepizole

115
Q

antidote for b-blocker overdose

A

glucagon

116
Q

antidote for carbon monoxide poisoning

A

hyperbaric oxygen

117
Q

adverse effects of loop diuretics?

A 
OH DANG
Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Allergy to sulfa
Nephritis
Gout
118
Q

Adverse effect of thiazide

A 
HyperGLUC
Hyperglycemia
hyperlipidemia
hyperuricemia
hypercalcemia
119
Q

Antidote for Benzodiazepine overdose?

A

Flumazenil

120
Q

Which benzodiazepine has the longest half life?

A

Chlor dia zepoxide

121
Q

What drugs are considered date-rape drugs?

A

Alcohol - most common
Flunitrazepam
Gamma-hydroxybutarate

122
Q

Drug of Choice for kids with Status Epilepticus

A

Phenobarbital

123
Q

Drug of choice for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Buspirone

124
Q

Blood Alcohol concentration that impairs driving ability?

A

60-80 mg/dL

125
Q

What changes in the brain are seen in Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome?

A

Hemorrhagic necrosis of the mamillary body

126
Q

What drugs can cause disulfiram reaction?

A

Clara took the PreMedical Test in the PM

Chlorpropamide

Cefo Perazone
Mandole
Tetan

Procarcazine
Metronidazole

127
Q

DOC for trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Carbamazepine

128
Q

DOC for partial seizure and Bipolar disorder?

A

Carbamazepine

129
Q

Most inhaled anesthetics are bronchodilators except?

A

Desflurane - bronchospasm

130
Q

Antidote for fentanyl toxicity?

A

Naloxone

131
Q

Which local anesthetics have the Shortest and Longest half-lives?

A

Shortest - Procaine

Longest - ropivacaine

132
Q

What is the toxic dose of Lidocaine?

A

5 mg/kg

PHARMA (3 decks)

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