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Brain_T2 > Brain_FCs_Seizures Pharm > Flashcards

Brain_FCs_Seizures Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Clonazepam

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2
Q

Contraindicated in Porphyria

A

Phenobarbitol

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3
Q

Irritability in children

A

Phenobarbitol

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4
Q

Not sedating (not CNS depressant)

A

Phenytoin

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5
Q

Many drug interactions, induces CYP3A4

A

Phenytoin

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6
Q

Metabolized to stable, active epoxide

A

Carbamazepine

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7
Q

Induce CYP enzymes

A

Phenytoin, Carbamazepine

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8
Q

AEs include vertigo & blurred vision

A

Carbamazepine

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9
Q

Used in bipolar disorder

A

Carbamazepine, Valproic acid, Lamotrigine

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10
Q

Used in neuropathic pain syndromes

A

Carbamazepine, Gabapentin

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11
Q

AEs include hypersensitivity rxns

A

Ethosuximide (SLE, urticarial), Topiramate (in persons w/ sulfonamide allergy)

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12
Q

AEs include GI Sx (Nausea, vomiting, anorexia)

A

Ethosuximide

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13
Q

AEs include dizziness

A

Ethosuximide, Lamotrigine

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14
Q

Common AE includes hepatotoxicity

A

Valproic acid

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15
Q

Used as prophylaxis of migraine

A

Valproic acid, Topiramate

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16
Q

Tolerance to sedative & anticonvulsant effects

A

Clonazepam

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17
Q

Useful in panic disorder

A

Clonazepam

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18
Q

Only approved in combination

A

Gabapentin & Levetiracetam

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19
Q

Decreases Glutamate release

A

Lamotrigine

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20
Q

Slows recovery rate of Na+ channels

A

Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Valproic acid (& Ca++), Lamotrigine, Topiramate

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21
Q

AEs include skin rashes

A

Lamotrigine, Ethosuximide

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22
Q

AEs include nervousness

A

Topiramate

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23
Q

Potentiates GABA @ GABAA receptors

A

Phenobarbitol, Topiramate

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24
Q

Induces metabolism of estrogen

A

Topiramate

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25
Q

Used for weight loss

A

Topiramate (in combo w/ phentermine)

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26
Q

Commonly used as mood stabilizer

A

Lamotrigine

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27
Q

Minimal toxicity to which pt develops tolerance in few wks

A

GABApentin (Neurontin)

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28
Q

Status Epilepticus Tx

A

Diazepam or Pentobarbitol or Thiopental (which often causes apnea, hypotension — then, a longer acting anticonvulsant like Phenytoin is given)

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29
Q

Phenobarbitol treats what?”

A

Generalized Tonic-Clonic, Partial

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30
Q

Phenytoin treats what?”

A

Generalized Tonic-Clonic & Partial

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31
Q

Carbamazepine treats what?”

A

Generalized Tonic-Clonic, Partial seizures, Bipolar disorder, Neuropathic pain syndromes

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32
Q

Ethosuximide treats what?”

A

Absence

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33
Q

Valproic acid treats what?”

A

All seizures, Bipolar disorder, Prophylaxis of migraine

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34
Q

Clonazepam treats what?”

A

All, except Generalized Tonic-Clonic

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35
Q

Diazepam treats what?”

A

Status Epilepticus (drug of choice)

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36
Q

Gabapentin treats what?”

A

Partial seizures (in combo), Neuropathic pain syndromes

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37
Q

Lamotrigine treats what?”

A

Partial, Generalized Tonic-Clonic, Bipolar disorder

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38
Q

Levetiracetam treats what?”

A

Partial, Myoclonic, Generalized Tonic-Clonic

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39
Q

Carbamazepine AEs

A

Sedation, ataxia, vertigo, blurred vision

40
Q

Short acting barbiturates (2)? Use?

A

Thiopental & Methohexital. Used as intravenous anesthetics

41
Q

Phenobarbitol MOA

A

Inc’s binding of GABA to GABA(a) receptor. Also inc’s binding of benzodiazepines to benzodiazepine receptor

42
Q

Phenobarbitol onset & half-life

A

Slow onset, long half-life

43
Q

Phenobarbitol: tolerance develops to _____

A

sedation

44
Q

Phenytoin MOA

A

slows rec. rate of Na+ channels

45
Q

Phenytoin toxicity

A

GRAB Her suit

46
Q

Carbamazepine MOA

A

slows rec. rate of Na+ channels

47
Q

Ethosuximide MOA

A

Antagonizes Ca currents in thalamus

48
Q

Ethosuximide AEs

A

(CNS): Sedation, dizziness, headache: (GI): Nausea, vomiting, anorexia; (Hypersensitivity): Urticaria, SLE, S-J syndrome, decreases bone marrow

49
Q

Valproic acid MOA

A

slows rec. rate of Na+ channels & Antagonizes Ca currents in thalamus

50
Q

Valproic acid AEs

A

Hepatotoxicity

51
Q

GABApentin AEs

A

Sedation & ataxia to which tolerance develops

52
Q

Lamotrigine Aes

A

Sedation, dizziness, ataxia (tolerance to all 3), & skin rashes (S-J)

53
Q

Levetiracetam Aes

A

Sedation, ataxia

54
Q

Topiramate Aes

A

Sedation & nervousness to which tolerance develops & hypersensitivity in persons w/ sulfa allergy

55
Q

Topiramate MOA

A

Slows recovery rate of Na+ channels & potentiates GABA @ GABA(a) receptors

56
Q

Topiramate treats what?

A

Partial, Generalized Tonic-Clonic, prophylaxis of migraine, weight loss (in combo w/ phentermine)

57
Q

Risk factors for reoccurence of seizures includes epilepsy onset before or after childhood?

A

After

58
Q

Status Epilepticus 1st line Tx

A

Lorazepam IV

59
Q

Temporal lobe epilepsy –> Type of seizure?

A

Complex partial seizure with automatisms

60
Q

Tx for epilepsy includes how many drugs?

A

Monotherapy

61
Q

Seizure med that’s only used for focal seizures?

A

Carbamazepine

62
Q

Causes of seizures in infancy (0-2 yrs)

A

Intracranial birth injury, acute metabolic insult, congenital malformations/genetic disorders

63
Q

Causes of seizures in childhood (2-10 yrs)

A

Idiopathic

64
Q

Causes of seizures in adolescence (10-18 yrs)

A

Idiopathic, Trauma

65
Q

Causes of seizures in early adulthood (18-35 yrs)

A

Trauma, Drug/alcohol withdrawal

66
Q

Causes of seizures in middle age (35-60)

A

Brain tumor, Trauma

67
Q

Causes of seizures in older age (>60 yrs)

A

Stroke, Degenerative disease, Brain tumor

68
Q

Evaluation of patient w/ seizure

A

HISTORY & PE, Neuroimaging, EEG, (LP)

69
Q

Differential diagnosis of seizures (5)

A

Syncope, Cerebrovascular disorders, Migraine, Sleep disorders, Psychogenic disturbances

70
Q

1 Commonly found lesion after resective surgery for medically refractory partial epilepsy?

A

Medial Temporal Sclerosis

71
Q

6 ligand-gated ion channels (all others are G protein-coupled receptors)

A

Nicotinic ACh, GABA(a), most glutamate, aspartate, glycine, 5HT(3)

72
Q

Ligand gated ion channels: Ion channel is a ____

A

tetramer or pentamer

73
Q

Ligand gated ion channels: each subunit has _____ transmembrane domains

A

four

74
Q

ACh blockade often causes _____ (3 things)

A

Sedation, Amnesia, Antiemetic activity

75
Q

What increases affinity of GABA receptor for GABA?

A

Endozepine

76
Q

Baclofen MOA

A

GABA(b) agonist

77
Q

Baclofen effect/use

A

Centrally-acting muscle relaxant

78
Q

Excessive activity of _____ ass’d w/ neuronal death

A

NMDA receptor

79
Q

NMDA antagonists produce ____ (2 things)

A

Analgesia & Dissociative anesthesia

80
Q

Dopamine prevalent in what 3 structures of brain?

A

Basal ganglia, nucleus accumbens, amygdala

81
Q

Neurotransmitter important in regulating movement & behavior

A

Dopamine

82
Q

Dopamine antagonists effective in ____ (2 conditions) & have a ______ effect

A

Mania & Schizophrenia ; antiemetic effect

83
Q

CNS alpha-1 adrenoceptor agonists (NE) effects

A

Increase alertness, arousal, mood. Decrease appetite

84
Q

CNS alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists (NE) effects

A

Antihypertensive & Sedation

85
Q

CNS beta-1 adrenoceptor agonists (NE) effects

A

increase mood

86
Q

5HT(1) agonists effect

A

migraine & anxiety

87
Q

5HT(2) agonists effect

A

Cause hallucinations

88
Q

5HT(2) antagonists effect

A

Treat psychoses & migraine

89
Q

5HT(3) antagonists effect

A

Treat severe nausea

90
Q

Histamine receptor effects (H1-H4)

A

H1: Allergy, H2: Gastric secretion, H3 agonist: Sleep, H3 antagonist: Wakefulness & Anticonvulsant, H4: Hematopoietic cells

91
Q

Enkephalins

A

Primarily in spinal cord. Endogenous δ-opioid agonists

92
Q

Dynorphins

A

endogenous κ-opioid agonists. κ-opioid receptor most prevalent opioid receptor in CNS

93
Q

Most prevalent opioid receptor in CNS

A

k-opioid receptor

94
Q

Endorphins

A

endogenous μ-opioid agonists

95
Q

Endorphins effect

A

Decrease BP both centrally & peripherally

96
Q

Where are glycine receptors primarily located?

A

Brain stem & spinal cord

97
Q

Inhibition of ______ release is an important mechanism of opioid analgesia

A

substance P

Brain_T2 (4 decks)

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