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Neurology > Brain tumours > Flashcards

Brain tumours Flashcards

1
Q

Children usually get tumours in which location?

A

infratentorial

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2
Q

Adults usually get tumours in which location?

A

supratentorial

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3
Q

What type of tumours (primary or secondary) are more common in children?

A

primary

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4
Q

Typical symptoms of brain tumours

A

neurological deficit
motor weakness
headaches
seizures

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5
Q

Describe a tumour headache

A

severe, worse in morning, wakes them up, worse on coughing and leaning

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6
Q

The mass effect of a tumour can lead to what?

A

raised ICP and herniation of brain

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7
Q

symptoms of raised ICP

A

headaches, vomiting, blurred vision/ papilledema, confusion

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8
Q

what kind of brain herniation is most common?

A

uncal herniation

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9
Q

Most common type of primary brain tumour?

A

astrocytic tumours

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10
Q

Is grade 1 astrocytoma benign or malignant?

Is it fast or slow growing?

A

benign and sloe growing

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11
Q

who are more likely to get grade 1 astrocytoma’s

A

children, young adults

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12
Q

symptoms of grade 1 astrocytoma?

A

raised ICP with associated symptoms, seizures (gelastic seizures - uncontrolled laughing)

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13
Q

investigation of choice for grade 1 astrocytoma?

A

enhances like a lightbulb on CT

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14
Q

treatment of grade 1 astrocytoma?

A

surgery - curative

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15
Q

define grade 2 astrocytoma

A

low grade, benign - but can de-differentiate to high grade

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16
Q

investigations for grade 2 astrocytoma

A

doesn’t enhance well on CT - MRI better

17
Q

treatment for grade 2 astrocytoma?

A

surgery and molecular profiling

radiation and PCV (triple chemo) if too large

18
Q

what is a grade 3 astrocytoma?

A

anaplastic astrocytoma - malignant

19
Q

prognosis of grade 3 astrocytoma

A

median survival 2 years

20
Q

what is grade 4 astrocytoma?

A

glioblastoma multiforme

very aggressive

21
Q

prognosis of glioblastoma?

A

median survival 14 months

22
Q

what is the most common type of primary tumour in adults?

A

glioblastoma multiforme

23
Q

treatment for grade 3 and 4 astrocytoma

A

non-curative surgery to improve QoL (reduce mass effect, seizures) + radiotherapy + TMZ (chemo)

24
Q

what safety factor is important for those with brain tumours?

A

They can drive due to seizure risk

25
Q

what is a glioma?

A

malignant brain tumour originating from astrocytes and oligodendrocytes - they include astrocytoma’s and oligodendroglioma

26
Q

what is an oligodendroglioma

A

tumour arising from oligodendrocytes
low or high grade
slow growing
May become calcified

27
Q

treatment and prognosis of oligodendroglioma

A

surgery and chemo (PCV) +/- radiotherapy

median survival 10 years (low grade)

28
Q

what is a meningioma

A

mostly benign, slow growing tumours arising from arachnoid membrane and granulations
may grow to a large size over many years

29
Q

who are more likely to get a meningioma

A

women> men

50s

30
Q

common presentation of a meningioma

A

headache - as dura has nerve supply

31
Q

treatment and prognosis of meningioma?

A

surgery and radiotherapy
small non growing meningiomas do not need to be operated on
can recur depending on grade and resection
most survive long term (5 year survival 90%)

32
Q

what is a vestibular schwannoma

A

benign nerve sheath tumour - arising from Schwann cells

33
Q

vestibular schwannomas are a common finding in which condition

A

neurofibromatosis type 2

34
Q

symptoms of a vestibular schwannoma

A

hearing loss, tinnitus, balance problems

35
Q

Treatment of vestibular schwannoma?

A

if large remove by surgery as can compress brainstem - surgery is high risk
if small leave alone
malignant transformation is rare

36
Q

what are pituitary tumours?

A

benign tumours that may be functioning or non functioning

37
Q

how does a pituitary tumour present?

A

headaches, bitemporal hemianopia if compressing optic chiasm, endocrine abnormalities

38
Q

what condition can arise from a functioning pituitary tumour?

A

Cushing’s

Neurology (2 decks)

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