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Block 5; Week 6 > Brain Tumors--Bloch > Flashcards

Brain Tumors--Bloch Flashcards

1
Q

Brain Tumors are lowest in which ethnicity? Highest in which?

A

Lowest in: Asians

Highest in: Caucasians

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2
Q

Are brain tumors more common in males or females?

A

more common in males

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3
Q

Which causes more death–stroke or brain tumors?

A

stroke–leading cause of neurological death

then brain tumors.

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4
Q

What are some symptoms of brain tumors?

A 
Headache
Seizure
Mental change
Hemiparesis
Vomiting
Dysphasia
Impaired consciousness
Visual failure
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5
Q

What are some different tumor types?

A 
Nerve sheath
Meningioma
Ependymoma
Oligodendroglioma
Medulloblastoma
Astrocytoma
GBM
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6
Q

What is vomiting potentially a sign of?

A

increased ICP

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7
Q

Which types of headaches are concerning as a sign of possible brain tumor?

A

Wake up with headache & it gets better throughout the day. When you stand up–gravity pushes the blood flow down & gives space to the tumor.
Worst headache of a person’s life w/o migraine charcteristics—think subarachnoid hemorrhage.

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8
Q

What are the migraine symptoms?

A

unilateral, throbby, photobphobi, phonophobia, nausea, vomiting

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9
Q

CNS tumors that are intracranial & supratentorial (above the tent) usu happens in which age group? Which types are seen here?

A 
usu seen with adults. 70% of the time
Astrocytoma
GBM
Metastasis
Meningioma
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10
Q

CNS tumors that are intracranial & infratentorial (below the tent) usu happens in which age group? Which types are seen here?

A

70% of the time is in children
Medulloblastoma
Astrocytoma
4th ventricle ependymoma

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11
Q

Intraspinal tumors can be seen in both adults & children. What are the extradural types?

A

Epidural mets

Bone tumors

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12
Q

What are some intradural types of intraspinal tumors?

A 
Intramedullary
--Ependmoma
--Astrocytoma
Extramedullary
--Schwannomas
--Meningioma
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13
Q

What is the relative prevalence of the following brain tumors?

A 
Metastases: 33%
Glioma: 25%
Meningioma: 15%
PItuitary Adenoma: 10%
Acoustic Neuroma: 8%
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14
Q

What are the types of cerebral gliomas?

A

Astrocytoma
Oligodendroglioma
mixed neuronal & glial tumors (such as ganglioglioma, ganglioneuroma, central neurocytoma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor)

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15
Q

What is an astrocytoma grade 1 tumor?

A

pilocytic giant cell

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16
Q

What is an astrocytoma grade 2 tumor?

A

either fibrillary, protoplasmic, gemistocytic

17
Q

What is an anapestic astrocytoma grade 3 tumor?

A

very cellular & pleomorphic

18
Q

What are some types of glioblastoma multiforme grade 4?

A

endothelial proliferation & necrosis
multicentric glioma
gliomatosis cerebri

19
Q

T/F Whole brain radiation is w/o side effects.

A

False. You can get cerebellar damage with whole brain radiation.

20
Q

Glioblastoma Multiforme usu happens in which age group? More common in which gender? These make up a large % of which types of brain tumors?

A

Ages 45-55
More common in men
Make up a lot of the intracranial tumors, cerebral gliomas

21
Q

What do you see on the MRI of a glioblastoma multiform patient? What is the treatment for this? What is the survival like?

A 
see ring-like enhancement on MRI
called a butterfly when it crosses the corpus callosum
Tx: surgery, radiation, chemo
Survival:
6 mo w/o treatment
1 yr with treatment
22
Q

What are some types of intraventricular tumors?

A 
Neuroepithelial Cyst
Ependyoma
Giant Cell Astrocytoma
Central neurocytoma
Choroid plexus papilloma
Meningioma
Ectopic Pinealoma
Epidermoid tumor
CSF seeding of tumor
23
Q

What are some types of schwannoma (tumors that affect nerve sheath or meninges)?

A

Acoustic schwannomas most common

Bilateral in NF2

24
Q

What is a type of neurofibroma tumor?

A

NF1

25
Q

How common are meningiomas?

A

15% of all intracranial tumors

25% of all intraspinal tumors

26
Q

What’s the deal with metastatic tumors?

A 
Most common infratentorial tumor in adults
80% are supratentorial
Gray-white junction with vasogenic edema
50% appear solitary at presentation
Leptomemingeal carcinomatosis
Spinal cord compression
27
Q

What are the 3 main sources of metastatic tumors that are intracranial?

A

lung
brain
melanoma

Block 5; Week 6 (6 decks)

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