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MUSC 4340 > Brain Structures and Functions Quiz > Flashcards

Brain Structures and Functions Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Dopamine

A

A neurotransmitter found in high concentrations in the nucleus accumbens and the basal ganglia and is responsible for movement and motivation

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2
Q

Spasticity

A

Increased muscle tone

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3
Q

Flaccidity

A

Decreased muscle tone

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4
Q

Visual Agnosia

A

The inability to recognize a visual image even though it is part of the person’s experience:

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5
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Failure to recognize and identify faces

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6
Q

Anosognosia

A

Unawareness that one is ill or injured

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7
Q

Apraxia

A

Inability to do things due to a difficulty in transforming intentions into actions

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8
Q

Agnosia

A

Inability to recognize objects due to a difficulty in interpreting sensory information

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9
Q

Anomia

A

Difficulty in finding the names for objects

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10
Q

Macropsia

A

Seeing things as larger than they are

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11
Q

Micropsia

A

Seeing things as smaller than they are

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12
Q

Dyspraxia

A

Inability to initiate and integrate movement correctly

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13
Q

Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder

A

A common problem affecting the frontal lobes of the brain

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14
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Key functions include language expression and converting ideas into words

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15
Q

Cingulate Gyrus

A

Key functions are attention, goal-directed behavior, and emotional processing. Part of the limbic system

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16
Q

Frontal Lobes

A

Lobes of the brain which direct all executive functioning. Located in the front, superior region

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17
Q

Motor Cortex

A

Part of the frontal lobe which is exclusively involved with planning, initiating and maintaining
movement

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18
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A

A common problem associated with malfunctions of the cingulate gyrus

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19
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Located at the back of the brain, responsible for integrating and disseminating visual information

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20
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Part of the brain located behind the frontal lobe, whose primary functions are awareness of environment, attention, analysis of the environment and arithmetic processing

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21
Q

Predominant Lymbic Structures

A

Nucleus accumbens, amygdala and hippocampus

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22
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

A

Most posterior part of the frontal lobes responsible for planning movement

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23
Q

Somatosensory Cortex

A

Area of the brain (anterior part of the parietal lobe) mainly concerned with bodily sensations, body image, and awareness of body position and state

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24
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Part of the brain responsible for integrating, interpreting, and disseminating auditory information. Located anterior to occipital lobes

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25
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Key functions include language reception, meaning, and analyzing speech

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26
Q

Controls Voluntary Movement

A

Pyramidal System

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27
Q

Controls Involuntary Movement

A

Extrapyramidal System

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28
Q

Anterior

A

Towards the “front” of the body

29
Q

Posterior

A

Towards the “back” of the body

30
Q

Anterior Brain Functions

A

Personality, speech, initiative, and emotion

31
Q

Posterior Brain Functions

A

Sensation, perception, automatic regulations

32
Q

Frederick Foresight

A

Frontal lobes, executive functioning, when unhealthy he is passive, indecisive, and has no ideas (ADHD, developmental delay, impulsivity, overeating, behavioral problems)

33
Q

Rochelle Ringbond

A

Cingulate Gyrus, attention, goal-directed behaviors, and emotional processing. When unhealthy: akinetic mutism, OCD, depression

34
Q

Dudly Doit

A

Motor cortex, planning, initiating, and monitoring movement. When unhealthy: dyspraxia, paralysis, problem maintaining movement

35
Q

Cherry Chatterly

A

Broca’s area, expressive language. When unhealthy: poor expression and slow speech, but good understanding

36
Q

Charles Chatterly

A

Wernike’s area, receptive language. When unhealthy: difficulty understanding and sense of communication is lost

37
Q

Melissa Mirrorwood

A

Somatosensory cortex, bodily sensations, awareness, and image. When unhealthy: CVAs, anorexia nervosa, phantom limb

38
Q

Maurice Mapply

A

Parietal lobes, awareness of environment, attention, arithmetical processing. When unhealthy: difficulty integrating information, agnosia, apraxia, impairment of attention

39
Q

Penelope Panorama

A

Occipital lobes, gathers, makes sense of, and sends off sensory information. When unhealthy: seizures, migraine, visual agnosia, and hallucinations

40
Q

Lilly Listentale

A

Temporal lobes, integrate and disseminate AUDITORY information. When unhealthy: trauma, stroke, dementia, prenatal infection, and seizures

41
Q

Brenda Bridgehead

A

Insula, regulation, taste and visceral memory, experience of disgust. When unhealthy: stroke, epilepsy, anorexia nervosa

42
Q

Christopher Crosstalk

A

Corpus callosum, communication between hemispheres of brain. When unhealthy: epilepsy, split-brain, and agenesis

43
Q

Sage Seahorse

A

Hippocampus, new learning, memory. When things go wrong: learning impaired, wrong memory associations, poor memory

44
Q

Annie Almond

A

Amygdala, threat detection, stress response, emotional learning. When unhealthy: night terrors, panic attacks, PTSD

45
Q

Priscilla Prizeman

A

Nucleus Accumbens, reward and reinforcement, motivation, drive. When unhealthy: maladaptive behaviors, addiction, schizophrenia

46
Q

Olivia Orgasmia

A

Septal nuclei, rage, sexual consummation and reward. When unhealthy: rage outbursts and difficulty orgasm

47
Q

Corrie O’Graphie

A

Basal ganglia; muscle tone, implementing movement, procedural memory. When unhealthy: OCD, Tourette’s, Huntington’s, Parkinson’s

48
Q

Felicity Feelall

A

Thalamus; processing involving pain, integrating movement. When unhealthy: pain, hallucinations, exacerbated to heat/cold

49
Q

Uma Underbridge

A

Hypothalamus; growth, reproduction, signals threat. When unhealthy: hypothalamic syndrome (increased hunger, thirst, agitation, etc)

50
Q

Horace Hormone

A

Pituitary; threat response. When unwell: hyper/hypo-pituitarism

51
Q

Fay Faceaner

A

Pons; networking, relay sensations from face. When things go wrong: disconnect of communication

52
Q

Sam Swallowtalk

A

Medulla; relay sensations involving speech and swallowing, basic functions. When things go wrong: swallowing, heart rate, breathing.

53
Q

Frank Finesse

A

Cerebellum; movement, balance, integrating function. When things go wrong: tremors, loss of balance, alcohol use

54
Q

Tony Turnon

A

Locus Coeruleus - DREAMTEAM; focuses on threats to brain. When unwell: night panic, hard time focusing

55
Q

Dr. Ernie Enkaphalin

A

Periaqueductal grey matter - DREMTEAM; reacts to pain. When unwell: reacts to pain for no reason or during lack of pain

56
Q

Dr. Raffi Restrogen

A

Raphe Nuclei - DREAMTEAM; calm, reduce tension, makes you feel good. When unwell: loose your cool, can’t sleep, depressed

57
Q

Tim Tickertaste

A

Solitary Nuclei - DREAMTEAM; keeps things energy efficient. When unwell: vomiting, irregular heart rate and breathing

58
Q

Amusia

A

the inability to perceive correct frequencies of pitch

59
Q

Nucleus Accumbens Septi

A

releases dopamine when listening to pleasant music, key to internal reward system

60
Q

Cerebellum

A

fine tunes motor activity, balance, involved in automatic motor responses

61
Q

Limbic system

A

Processes emotions and long term memory. Includes: hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, and nucleus accumbens

62
Q

Visual cortex

A

Processes all visual information, located in occipital lobe

63
Q

Primary Auditory Cortex

A

Located in temporal lobes, involved in speech perception and execution, processes pitch and volume

64
Q

Sensory Cortex

A

Located behind motor cortex, integrates all sensory information, integrate tactile sensations which comprise active music making

65
Q

Motor Cortex

A

Located behind the frontal cortex; coordinates voluntary motor function, controls fine motor activity

66
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

Located at the front of the brain; role in executive functioning and decision making

67
Q

Lobes as Music Processing

A

Temporal: processes the sounds we hear; Frontal: provides attention we need to hear; Parietal: associates melody with personal experience

68
Q

Cochlear Nerve

A

Cranial nerve 8; in charge of auditory processing. Vibrations travel through the pinna, auditory canal, tympanic membrane, cochlea, basilar membrane, cochlear nerve

MUSC 4340 (1 decks)

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