Brain Structures and Functions Quiz Flashcards
Dopamine
A neurotransmitter found in high concentrations in the nucleus accumbens and the basal ganglia and is responsible for movement and motivation
Spasticity
Increased muscle tone
Flaccidity
Decreased muscle tone
Visual Agnosia
The inability to recognize a visual image even though it is part of the person’s experience:
Prosopagnosia
Failure to recognize and identify faces
Anosognosia
Unawareness that one is ill or injured
Apraxia
Inability to do things due to a difficulty in transforming intentions into actions
Agnosia
Inability to recognize objects due to a difficulty in interpreting sensory information
Anomia
Difficulty in finding the names for objects
Macropsia
Seeing things as larger than they are
Micropsia
Seeing things as smaller than they are
Dyspraxia
Inability to initiate and integrate movement correctly
Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder
A common problem affecting the frontal lobes of the brain
Broca’s Area
Key functions include language expression and converting ideas into words
Cingulate Gyrus
Key functions are attention, goal-directed behavior, and emotional processing. Part of the limbic system
Frontal Lobes
Lobes of the brain which direct all executive functioning. Located in the front, superior region
Motor Cortex
Part of the frontal lobe which is exclusively involved with planning, initiating and maintaining
movement
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
A common problem associated with malfunctions of the cingulate gyrus
Occipital Lobe
Located at the back of the brain, responsible for integrating and disseminating visual information
Parietal Lobe
Part of the brain located behind the frontal lobe, whose primary functions are awareness of environment, attention, analysis of the environment and arithmetic processing
Predominant Lymbic Structures
Nucleus accumbens, amygdala and hippocampus
Primary Motor Cortex
Most posterior part of the frontal lobes responsible for planning movement
Somatosensory Cortex
Area of the brain (anterior part of the parietal lobe) mainly concerned with bodily sensations, body image, and awareness of body position and state
Temporal Lobe
Part of the brain responsible for integrating, interpreting, and disseminating auditory information. Located anterior to occipital lobes
Wernicke’s Area
Key functions include language reception, meaning, and analyzing speech
Controls Voluntary Movement
Pyramidal System
Controls Involuntary Movement
Extrapyramidal System
Anterior
Towards the “front” of the body
Posterior
Towards the “back” of the body
Anterior Brain Functions
Personality, speech, initiative, and emotion
Posterior Brain Functions
Sensation, perception, automatic regulations
Frederick Foresight
Frontal lobes, executive functioning, when unhealthy he is passive, indecisive, and has no ideas (ADHD, developmental delay, impulsivity, overeating, behavioral problems)
Rochelle Ringbond
Cingulate Gyrus, attention, goal-directed behaviors, and emotional processing. When unhealthy: akinetic mutism, OCD, depression
Dudly Doit
Motor cortex, planning, initiating, and monitoring movement. When unhealthy: dyspraxia, paralysis, problem maintaining movement
Cherry Chatterly
Broca’s area, expressive language. When unhealthy: poor expression and slow speech, but good understanding
Charles Chatterly
Wernike’s area, receptive language. When unhealthy: difficulty understanding and sense of communication is lost
Melissa Mirrorwood
Somatosensory cortex, bodily sensations, awareness, and image. When unhealthy: CVAs, anorexia nervosa, phantom limb
Maurice Mapply
Parietal lobes, awareness of environment, attention, arithmetical processing. When unhealthy: difficulty integrating information, agnosia, apraxia, impairment of attention
Penelope Panorama
Occipital lobes, gathers, makes sense of, and sends off sensory information. When unhealthy: seizures, migraine, visual agnosia, and hallucinations
Lilly Listentale
Temporal lobes, integrate and disseminate AUDITORY information. When unhealthy: trauma, stroke, dementia, prenatal infection, and seizures
Brenda Bridgehead
Insula, regulation, taste and visceral memory, experience of disgust. When unhealthy: stroke, epilepsy, anorexia nervosa
Christopher Crosstalk
Corpus callosum, communication between hemispheres of brain. When unhealthy: epilepsy, split-brain, and agenesis
Sage Seahorse
Hippocampus, new learning, memory. When things go wrong: learning impaired, wrong memory associations, poor memory
Annie Almond
Amygdala, threat detection, stress response, emotional learning. When unhealthy: night terrors, panic attacks, PTSD
Priscilla Prizeman
Nucleus Accumbens, reward and reinforcement, motivation, drive. When unhealthy: maladaptive behaviors, addiction, schizophrenia
Olivia Orgasmia
Septal nuclei, rage, sexual consummation and reward. When unhealthy: rage outbursts and difficulty orgasm
Corrie O’Graphie
Basal ganglia; muscle tone, implementing movement, procedural memory. When unhealthy: OCD, Tourette’s, Huntington’s, Parkinson’s
Felicity Feelall
Thalamus; processing involving pain, integrating movement. When unhealthy: pain, hallucinations, exacerbated to heat/cold
Uma Underbridge
Hypothalamus; growth, reproduction, signals threat. When unhealthy: hypothalamic syndrome (increased hunger, thirst, agitation, etc)
Horace Hormone
Pituitary; threat response. When unwell: hyper/hypo-pituitarism
Fay Faceaner
Pons; networking, relay sensations from face. When things go wrong: disconnect of communication
Sam Swallowtalk
Medulla; relay sensations involving speech and swallowing, basic functions. When things go wrong: swallowing, heart rate, breathing.
Frank Finesse
Cerebellum; movement, balance, integrating function. When things go wrong: tremors, loss of balance, alcohol use
Tony Turnon
Locus Coeruleus - DREAMTEAM; focuses on threats to brain. When unwell: night panic, hard time focusing
Dr. Ernie Enkaphalin
Periaqueductal grey matter - DREMTEAM; reacts to pain. When unwell: reacts to pain for no reason or during lack of pain
Dr. Raffi Restrogen
Raphe Nuclei - DREAMTEAM; calm, reduce tension, makes you feel good. When unwell: loose your cool, can’t sleep, depressed
Tim Tickertaste
Solitary Nuclei - DREAMTEAM; keeps things energy efficient. When unwell: vomiting, irregular heart rate and breathing
Amusia
the inability to perceive correct frequencies of pitch
Nucleus Accumbens Septi
releases dopamine when listening to pleasant music, key to internal reward system
Cerebellum
fine tunes motor activity, balance, involved in automatic motor responses
Limbic system
Processes emotions and long term memory. Includes: hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, and nucleus accumbens
Visual cortex
Processes all visual information, located in occipital lobe
Primary Auditory Cortex
Located in temporal lobes, involved in speech perception and execution, processes pitch and volume
Sensory Cortex
Located behind motor cortex, integrates all sensory information, integrate tactile sensations which comprise active music making
Motor Cortex
Located behind the frontal cortex; coordinates voluntary motor function, controls fine motor activity
Prefrontal Cortex
Located at the front of the brain; role in executive functioning and decision making
Lobes as Music Processing
Temporal: processes the sounds we hear; Frontal: provides attention we need to hear; Parietal: associates melody with personal experience
Cochlear Nerve
Cranial nerve 8; in charge of auditory processing. Vibrations travel through the pinna, auditory canal, tympanic membrane, cochlea, basilar membrane, cochlear nerve
