brain - structure and function

Question 1

hindbrain

Answer 1

A collection of lower level structures which includes pons, medulla and cerebellum.
Control and influence motor functions and vital automatic responses and alertness.

Question 2

cerebellum

Answer 2

It is a cauliflower shape structure which is located at the base of the brain. It coordinates fine movement and regulation of balance and posture

• limbic system(emotional brain) is found here
• hindbrain

Question 3

gyri and sulci

Answer 3

Sulci are the ridges and the foldings of the brain. The gyri are the spaces in-between these foldings.

Question 4

medulla

Answer 4

It controls vital bodily functions such as breathing, sneezing, heart rate. (motor functions)
-hindbrain

Question 5

pons

Answer 5

Regulates sleep, arousal and some muscle movement.
acts as a bridge between other parts of the brain
-in hindbrain

Question 6

midbrain

Answer 6

• central part of the brain
• connects the forebrain and the hindbrain
• Involved in movement, processing visual, auditory and tactile information, sleep and arousal.
• contains the reticular formation

Question 7

reticular formation

Answer 7

• Contains the reticular activation system (RAS) that sends information to different parts of the brain and spinal cord
• Screens incoming information to avoid the brain being overloaded.
• alerts brain of important info
• in midbrain

Question 8

forebrain

Answer 8

• Largest and most prominent part of the brain
• Sits on top of the midbrain
• Regulates complex cognitive processes (thinking, learning, memory, perception, emotion)
• Contains the hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebrum

Question 9

hypothalamus

Answer 9

regulating homeostasis

- in forebrain

Question 10

thalamus

Answer 10

filters information from almost all the sense receptor sites, then passes it to relevant areas of the brain for further processing
-forebrain

Question 11

Cerebrum

Answer 11

Primarily responsible for cognitive processes such as learning, memory and thinking.
- divided into two hemispheres(connected via the corpus callosum)

Question 12

Hemispherical specialisation

Answer 12

The idea that both hemispheres of the brain dominate or exert greater control over another
Left- verbal and analytic vs Right recognising emotions

Question 13

Temporal lobe

Answer 13

Is involved with auditory perception and also plays an important role in memory, aspects of visual perception such as our ability to identify objects and recognise faces, and our emotional responses to sensory information and memories.
-contains wernicks area only on the left hemisphere

Question 14

primary suditory cortex

Answer 14

receives and processes sounds from both ears so that we can perceive and identify different types
of sounds. (PAC)- temporal lobe

Question 15

Wernicke’s area

Answer 15

is involved in speech production but more so the COMPREHENSION OF SPEECH and helps you understand words - temporal

Question 16

bronca’s area

Answer 16

• in frontal lobe
  Production of articulate speech
  ONLY left hemisphere
• frontal lobe

Question 17

PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX (PMC)

Answer 17

Strip of neural tissue that initiates voluntary movements through its control of skeletal muscles

Question 18

frontal lobe

Answer 18

largest of the lobes
Contains the prefrontal cortex (PFC) just behind the forehead

Connects to other brain regions thus is associated with complex functions

Question 19

parietal lobe

Answer 19

Receives and processes bodily or ‘somatosensory’ information

Question 20

OCCIPITAL LOBE

Answer 20

Sense of vision and damage to this region can cause serious visual impairments
Primary visual cortex (PVC) located at the back of the Occipital lobe and receives information from the eye via the optic nerve

Question 21

hipocampus

Answer 21

learning and memory – for converting short term memory to more permanent memory, and acts as our direction finder or navigator. It is found in the inner TEMPORAL LOBE.

Question 22

amygdala

Answer 22

involved in memory, fear and anger. It plays a key role in our emotional responses. The amygdala is located near the HIPPOCAMPUS in the inner TEMPORAL LOBE.

Question 23

pre frontal cortex

Answer 23

The PFC plans movement and then sends it to the premotor cortex which prepares appropriate movement sequences and then sends it to the primary motor cortex