Brain Stem Flashcards by Emily Klatzer

Mesencephalon gives rise to

midbrain

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Metencephalon gives rise to

pons

cerebellum

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Myelencephalon gives rise to

medulla oblongata

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Brain stem components

midbrain, pons, & medulla oblongata

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Rostral colliculus

visual reflexes (body, ocular, & pupillary dilation) in midbrain

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Caudal colliculus

auditory reflex (startle) in midbrain

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Crus cerebri

cerebral motor tracts in midbrain

where CN III emerges

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Cerebellar peduncles

3 tracts of afferent & efferent fibers in pons

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Pyramid

cerebral motor tracts in medulla

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Telencephalon cranial nerves

olfactory (CN I)

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Diencephalon cranial nerves

optic (CN II)

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Midbrain cranial nerves

oculomotor (CN III)

trochlear (CN IV)

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Pons cranial nerves

trigeminal (CN V)

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Medulla oblongata cranial nerves

abducent (CN VI)
facial (CN VII)
vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
vagus (CN X)
accessory (CN XI)
hypoglossal (CN XII)

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CN XII originates from

medulla oblongata

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Nucleus of CN XII

motor nucleus of XII

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Target tissue of CN XII

intrinsic & extrinsic muscles of the tongue (styloglossus, hyoglossus, & geniglossus)

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Function of CN XII

movement of the tongue

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Early in unilateral lesion of CN XII, tongue of resting or panting dog

tongue towards normal side

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Early in unilateral lesion of CN XII, tongue of a licking dog

tongue towards lesion

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Late in unilateral lesion of CN XII, tongue of a resting or panting dog

tongue towards lesion

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Late in unilateral lesion of CN XII, tongue of a licking dog

tongue towards lesion

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Location of reticular formation

center of entire brain stem

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Structure of reticular formation

mix of gray & white matter

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Functions of reticular formation

consciousness | visceromotor that controls micturition, respiratory, cardiovascular, swallowing, & vomiting

Tectum

roof of midbrain

Cerebral aqueduct

CSF fluid - in midbrain

Tegmentum

below cerebral aqueduct, excluding substantia nigra & crus cerebri; in midbrain

CN III originates from

midbrain

Nucleus of CN III

motor nucleus of III

Target tissue of CN III

dorsal, ventral, & medial recti muscles

Injury of CN III

lateral strabismus pupillary dilation drooped eyelid

CN IV originates from

midbrain

Nucleus of CN IV

motor nucleus of IV

Target tissue of CN IV

dorsal oblique

Injury of CN IV

extorsion of eye

CN VI originates from

medulla oblongata

Nucleus of CN VI

motor nucleus of VI

Target tissue of CN VI

lateral rectus | retractor bulbi

Injury of CN VI

medial strabismus | absence of 3rd eyelid reflex

Sympathetic nerve injury in eye

pupillary constriction

Cerebellar peduncles are

tracts on dorsal surface of pons connecting cerebellum to brain stem

Tegmentum of the pons is on what surface

dorsal

Basilar pons is on what surface & covers what

ventral | motor tracts

Trigeminal nuclei for touch

pontine sensory nuclei of V

Trigeminal nuclei for pain & temp

nucleus of the spinal tract of V

Trigeminal nucleus for proprioception

nucleus of the mesencephalic tract of V

Trigeminal nucleus for muscles of mastication

motor nucleus of V | only mandibular br

Fasciculus cuneatus is what & found where

ascending sensory tract | dorsal surface of medulla

Origin & termination of fasciculus cuneatus

origin: spinal cord C1-T5 termination: thalamus

Function of fasciculus cuneatus

proprioception & touch for cervial area, upper trunk, & thoracic limb

Spinal tract of V is what & found where

axons of trigeminal n | dorsal surface of medulla

Function of spinal tract of V

facial pain & temp

Trapezoid body is found where

ventral surface of medulla

Pyramid is what & found where

descending motor tract | ventral surface of medulla

Origin & termination of pyramid

origin: cerebral motor cortex termination: brain stem & spinal cord

Function of pyramid

motor

Pyramidal dessication is what & found where

point where motor tracts of pyramids cross the midline | ventral surface of medulla

CN VII origin

trapezoid body

CN VII functions

somatic - muscles of facial expression & blinking visceral motor - lacrimal gland & salivary glands sensory - taste

Central motor nuclei of CN VII

motor nucleus of VII (somatic) | parasympathetic nucleus of VII (visceral)

Sensory motor nuclei of CN VII

nucleus of the solitary tract

Cornual reflex

blinking & 3rd eyelid

Sensory & motor components of cornual reflex

sensory: V (ophthalmic br) motor: VI & VII

Palpebral reflex

blinking

Sensory & motor components of palpebral reflex

sensory: V (ophthalmic br) motor: VII