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Nervous System - Anatomy > Brain & Spinal Cord 1 > Flashcards

Brain & Spinal Cord 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What three parts make up the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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2
Q

What cranial cavity does the brainstem lie in?

A

Foramen Magnum

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3
Q

What two vesicles of the neural tube give rise to the brainstem?

A

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

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4
Q

What cavities (of the ventricular system) lie within the brainstem?

A

3rd & 4th Ventricle

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5
Q

Where do most arachnoid villi pierce and drain into?

A

Superior Sagittal Sinus

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6
Q

What cranial nerves emerge from the pontomedullary junction?

A

CN VI-VIII

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7
Q

What cranial nerve has the longest intracranial course?

A

CN VII - Facial Nerve

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8
Q

What produces the pyramids?

A

Descending fibres of ipsilateral cerebral cortex

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9
Q

What is the olive?

A

The connection primarily with the cerebellum and is involved in the control of movement

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10
Q

What percentage of fibres cross over?

A

75-90%

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11
Q

What structure does the open part of the medulla open onto?

A

4th Ventricle

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12
Q

What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle and where is it found?

A

Cerebral Aqueduct

Midbrain

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13
Q

What are the colliculi part of?

A

Midbrain

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14
Q

What is the middle cerebellar peduncle of the pons made up of?

A

Centripetal fibres

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15
Q

What lies immediately superior to the midbrain?

A

Diencephalon - Thalamus & Hypothalamus

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16
Q

What fibres make up the cerebral peduncles and where are they destined for?

A

Efferent fibres

Thalamic nuclei

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17
Q

What does the diencephalon lie between?

A

Cerebrum & Midbrain

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18
Q

What are superior and inferior colliculi responsible for?

A

Superior - Visual reflex

Inferior - Auditory reflex

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19
Q

What midline structure connects the two cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebelli

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20
Q

What ventricular space lies immediately anterior to the cerebellum?

A

4th Ventricle

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21
Q

What happen when there is a sudden drop in intracranial pressure?

A

Cerebellar coning - Tonsils may herniate through the foramen

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22
Q

What fissure separates the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Median Longitudinal Fissure

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23
Q

What connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Corpus callosum

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24
Q

What nerves fibres are carried in the corpus callosum?

A

Commissural

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25
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

A fold of dura mater which covers the cerebellum

26
Q

What lobe is responsible for primary motor cortex?

A

Frontal

27
Q

What lobe is responsible for primary sensory cortex?

A

Parietal

28
Q

What lobe is responsible for primary visual cortex?

A

Occipital

29
Q

What lobe is responsible for primary auditory cortex?

A

Temporal

30
Q

What is the sulcus called that sits inferiorly to the parieto-occipital sulcus?

A

Calcarine sulcus

31
Q

What level does the spinal cord terminate (Conus Medullaris) in adults and children?

A

Adults - L1

Children - L2-3

32
Q

At what vertebral level do the dura and arachnoid mater terminate at?

A

S2

33
Q

What does the pia mater extend as past the end of the spinal cord and where does it go to?

A

Filum terminale

Coccyx

34
Q

What are the maters called that hang down?

A

Cauda Equina

35
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

36
Q

Where is an UMN lesion located?

A

Primary motor cortex

37
Q

Where is a LMN lesion located?

A

Spinal cord/Cranial nerve nuclei

38
Q

What arteries make up the Circle of Willis? (14)

A 
Anterior cerebral
Anterior communicating
Ophthalmic
ICA
Middle cerebral
Posterior communicating
Posterior cerebral
Anterior superior cerebellar
Basilar
Labyrinthe
Anterior inferior cerebellar
Posterior inferior cerebellar
Vertebral 
Anterior spinal
39
Q

What arteries do the right and left vertebral arteries arise from?

A

Subclavian

40
Q

How is the basilar artery formed and what part of the brainstem is it most closely related to?

A

Intracranial parts of the vertebral arteries unite at the caudal border of the pons
Pons

41
Q

In which fissure do the anterior cerebral arteries run in?

A

Median longitudinal fissure

42
Q

In which fissure do the middle cerebral arteries run in?

A

Lateral fissure

43
Q

In which fissure do the posterior cerebral arteries run in?

A

Parieto-occipital?

44
Q

Which cerebral artery(s) supply the primary motor cortex?

A

Anterior

Middle

45
Q

Which cerebral artery(s) supply the primary sensory area?

A

Anterior

Middle

46
Q

Which cerebral artery(s) supply the primary visual cortex?

A

Posterior

47
Q

Which cerebral artery(s) supply the primary auditory area?

A

Middle

48
Q

Which cerebral artery(s) supply the area for olfaction?

A

Posterior

49
Q

Into which vein do the dural venous sinuses drain?

A

IJV

50
Q

What veins drain into the cavernous sinus?

A

Superficial middle cerebral vein

51
Q

What fluid is found in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

52
Q

What bony structures does the falx cerebri attach to anteriorly?

A

Ethmoid & Crista gali processes

53
Q

Which dural venous sinus runs within the upper border of the falx cerebri?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

54
Q

Which dural venous sinus runs along the upper border of the falx cerebri?

A

Straight sinus

55
Q

What bony points of the anterior edge of the tentorium cerebelli attach to?

A

Superior angle of the petrous part of the temporal bone

56
Q

Which dural venous sinus runs along the attachment of the falx cerebri?

A

Transverse

57
Q

What is the fold of dura that surrounds the pituitary stalk called?

A

Diaphragma Sellae

58
Q

In what sections of the brain to the different parts of the lateral ventricle lie?

A

Anterior horn - Frontal lobe
Body - Frontal/Parietal lobes extending to the splenium of the corpus callosum
Posterior horn - Occipital lobe
Inferior horn - Temporal lobe

59
Q

What specialised structures lining the ventricles generate CSF?

A

Choroid plexus

60
Q

How does CSF pass into the subarachnoid space from the 4th ventricle?

A

Interpeduncular & Quadrigeminal cisterns

Foramen of Magendi

61
Q

At what point is CSF reabsorbed into general circulation?

A

Arachnoid granulations

62
Q

What area arachnoid granulations?

A

Protrusions of arachnoid villi into the walls of dural venous sinuses

Nervous System - Anatomy (2 decks)

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