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Psychology - General > Brain scans > Flashcards

Brain scans Flashcards

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1
Q

What does CAT scan stand for?

A

Computerised Axial Tomography scan

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2
Q

How do CAT scans work?

A

They involve passing X-rays into the head. Multiple beams are passed around the head from different angles to gather more information.

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3
Q

What are CAT scans useful for?

A

Detecting brain damage or the positioning of tumours in the brain

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4
Q

What do CAT scans produce?

A

Images of any part of the body, e.g. brain

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5
Q

What don’t CAT scans show?

A

How the brain functions - they only show the brain’s structure

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6
Q

CAT scans are less harmful than … scans because…

A

PET

CAT scans do not involve injecting a radioactive substance

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7
Q

CAT scans don’t involve going inside the body, so they are not…

A

invasive or painful

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8
Q

CAT scans are reliable because…

This means they can…

A

…they take place in laboratories with strict controls and a standardised procedure
…be easily replicated

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9
Q

CAT scans pose a risk to patients because…

A

they involve exposure to radiation (it is advised that they only be used when the possible benefits in relation to diagnosis outweigh the potential risks)

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10
Q

CAT scans are less useful than other brain scanning techniques…

A

e.g. PET/fMRI scans because they only show brain structure whereas PET/fMRI scans show functioning

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11
Q

What does PET scan stand for?

A

Positron Emission Tomography scan

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12
Q

What do PET scans produce?

A

Images that are in colour with high levels of activity shown by warmer colours (e.g. red) and low levels of activity shown by cooler colours (e.g. blue)

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13
Q

How do PET scans work?

A

Patients are injected with a small amount of radioactive material called fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), a tracer substance where the radioactive atom is attached to glucose because the brain will use glucose up as a form of energy. Once the tracer has been absorbed into the bloodstream, a task may be given to encourage brain activity

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14
Q

Which mental disorder can PET scans be used to study?

A

Schizophrenia

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15
Q

PET scans help researchers to identify…

…and predict…

A

…abnormal levels of activity

…the issues the patient might face in relation to the brain activity identified

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16
Q

PET scans are reliable because…

This means they can…

A

…they take place in laboratories with strict controls and a standardised procedure
…be easily replicated

17
Q

PET scans pose a risk to patients because…

A

they involve exposure to a radioactive tracer therefore can’t be carried out on the same patient too many times

18
Q

(PET scans) When doing a task several areas of the brain are being used a the same time, meaning…

A

it can be difficult to isolate brain function using PET scans

19
Q

PET scans take place in small environments and patients are required to remain still during the process, meaning…

A

there may be an issue with claustrophobia

20
Q

PET scans involve an injection so they are…

A

slightly invasive

21
Q

What does fMRI scan stand for?

A

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan

22
Q

What do fMRI scans measure and how?

A

Brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow

23
Q

What is the difference between MRI scans and fMRI scans?

A

MRI scans view anatomical structure

fMRI scans view metabolic function

24
Q

During fMRI scans, patients are required to…

A

lie flat and still in a large dude called an electromagnet

25
Q

(fMRI scans) As neural activity in the brain increases…

A

blood flow increases in active areas

26
Q

The fMRI scanner detects … and sends … creating a … showing…

A

The scanner detects CHANGES IN THE BRAIN and sends INFORMATION TO THE COMPUTER creating a MAP OF ACTIVATION showing CHANGING LEVELS OF NEURAL ACTIVITY

27
Q

fMRI scans measure blood flow, so there is no danger from…

A

radiation

28
Q

fMRI scans are reliable because…

This means they can…

A

…they take place in laboratories with strict controls and a standardised procedure
…be easily replicated

29
Q

fMRI scans take place in small environments and patients are required to remain still during the process, meaning…

A

there may be an issue with claustrophobia

30
Q

fMRI scans do not work for all patients because…

A

they use high-powered magnetic fields, so might not work for anyone with a cardiac pacemaker or who has had recent surgical implants, as well as anyone who is claustrophobic or unnerved by confined spaces or loud noises

31
Q

fMRI scans aren’t as useful as pet scans because…

A

PET scans produce more precise and detailed images, e.g. they show receptors

Psychology - General (3 decks)

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