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Brain Physiology > Brain Phys Ex2 > Flashcards

Brain Phys Ex2 Flashcards

1
Q

Negative pole

A

electron source, higher charge

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2
Q

Positive pole

A

electron flow, lower charge

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3
Q

Galvani

A

induced muscle twitch

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4
Q

Fritsch and Heitzeg

A

neocortex stimulation = movement

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5
Q

Bartholow

A

first human brain stimulation

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6
Q

Caton

A

used voltmeter to measure current

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7
Q

nerve conduction

A

30-40 m/s

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8
Q

electricity

A

3e8 m/s

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9
Q

Hodgkin and Huxley

A

giant squid axon

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10
Q

oscilliscope

A

sensitive voltmeter

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11
Q

cation

A

+

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12
Q

anion

A

-

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13
Q

Diffusion

A

high to low

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14
Q

resting potential (intracellular)

A

-70 microvolts

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15
Q

exterior cell composition

A

Na+, Cl-

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16
Q

interior cell composition

A

K+, A-

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17
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

more negative, due to influx of Cl- and efflux of K+

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18
Q

Depolarization

A

less negative charge, due to influx of Na+

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19
Q

Absolute refractory

A

repolarizing, Na+ closed

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20
Q

Relative refractory

A

more current, K+ open

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21
Q

Myelin formation (CNS)

A

oligodendroglia

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22
Q

Myelin formation (PNS)

A

Schwann cells

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23
Q

Excitory potential

A

depolarization, yes action potential

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24
Q

Inhibitory potential (IPSP)

A

hyperpolarization, no action potential

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25
Q

temporal summation

A

same time

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26
Q

spatial summation

A

same time and place

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27
Q

Acetylcholine

A

first neurotransmitter
- activates skeletal in SNS
- inhibits organs in ANS

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28
Q

Epinephrine

A

mobilizes stress response, CNS

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29
Q

Norepinephrine

A

accelerates heart rate, ANS

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30
Q

synthesis

A

neurotransmitter created from progenitor cells

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31
Q

Packing

A

neurotransmitters move into vescicles

32
Q

release

A

released into membrane by exocytosis

33
Q

action

A

cross cleft, bind to site

34
Q

degradation

35
Q

anterior hypothalamus

36
Q

posterior hypothalamus

37
Q

pituitary

A

hormones > bloodstream

38
Q

endocrine

A

hormones > organ stimulation

39
Q

Brain

A

tight movement of material through capillaries

40
Q

body

A

loose movement of material through capillaries

41
Q

Adeno

A

caffeine, antagonist

42
Q

Cholin

A

nicotine, agonist

43
Q

GABA

A

alcohol, agonist

44
Q

Glutama

A

PCP, Ketamine, antagonist

45
Q

Dopamin

A

cocaine, methanphetamine, Agonist

46
Q

Seroton

A

DMT, LSD, agonist

47
Q

Opioid

A

morphine, heroin, agonist

48
Q

Cannabid

A

THC, agonist

49
Q

visual sensory

A

light energy to chemical energy

50
Q

auditory sensory

A

air pressure > mechanical energy

51
Q

sensation

A

=registration

52
Q

perception

A

=interpretation

53
Q

cornea

A

clear covering

54
Q

lens

A

depth perception

55
Q

iris

A

light allowance

56
Q

retina composition

A

neurons/ photoreceptors

57
Q

rods

A

night vision, one pigment

58
Q

cones

A

color vision, three pigments

59
Q

blue short pigment

60
Q

green medium pigment

61
Q

red, long pigment

62
Q

bipolar cells

A

input from photoreceptors

63
Q

horizontal cells

A

links photoreceptors to bipolar

64
Q

amacrine cells

A

links bipolar to ganglion

65
Q

retinal ganglion

A

gives rise to optic nerve

66
Q

magoncellular

A
  • large
  • input from rods
  • light sensitive
67
Q

parvocellular

A
  • small
  • color sensitive
    -input from cones
68
Q

tectopulvinar

A

“where”
retina > colliculus > pulvinar > parietal/ temporal

69
Q

retinohypothalamic tract

A

regulates circadian rhythm and pupil reflex

70
Q

Dorsal visual stream

A

“how”
occipital > parietal

71
Q

Ventral visual stream

A

“what”
occipital > temporal

72
Q

layers 3-6

A

parvocellular

73
Q

layers 1,4,6

A

contralateral

74
Q

layers 2,3,5

A

ipsilateral

75
Q

layers 1,2

A

magnocellular

76
Q

M layers

77
Q

P layers

Brain Physiology (1 decks)

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