Brain Phys Ex2

Question 1

Negative pole

Answer 1

electron source, higher charge

Question 2

Positive pole

Answer 2

electron flow, lower charge

Question 3

Galvani

Answer 3

induced muscle twitch

Question 4

Fritsch and Heitzeg

Answer 4

neocortex stimulation = movement

Question 5

Bartholow

Answer 5

first human brain stimulation

Question 6

Caton

Answer 6

used voltmeter to measure current

Question 7

nerve conduction

Answer 7

30-40 m/s

Question 8

electricity

Answer 8

3e8 m/s

Question 9

Hodgkin and Huxley

Answer 9

giant squid axon

Question 10

oscilliscope

Answer 10

sensitive voltmeter

Question 11

cation

Answer 11

+

Question 12

anion

Answer 12

-

Question 13

Diffusion

Answer 13

high to low

Question 14

resting potential (intracellular)

Answer 14

-70 microvolts

Question 15

exterior cell composition

Answer 15

Na+, Cl-

Question 16

interior cell composition

Answer 16

K+, A-

Question 17

Hyperpolarization

Answer 17

more negative, due to influx of Cl- and efflux of K+

Question 18

Depolarization

Answer 18

less negative charge, due to influx of Na+

Question 19

Absolute refractory

Answer 19

repolarizing, Na+ closed

Question 20

Relative refractory

Answer 20

more current, K+ open

Question 21

Myelin formation (CNS)

Answer 21

oligodendroglia

Question 22

Myelin formation (PNS)

Answer 22

Schwann cells

Question 23

Excitory potential

Answer 23

depolarization, yes action potential

Question 24

Inhibitory potential (IPSP)

Answer 24

hyperpolarization, no action potential

Question 25

temporal summation

Answer 25

same time

Question 26

spatial summation

Answer 26

same time and place

Question 27

Acetylcholine

Answer 27

first neurotransmitter - activates skeletal in SNS - inhibits organs in ANS

Question 28

Epinephrine

Answer 28

mobilizes stress response, CNS

Question 29

Norepinephrine

Answer 29

accelerates heart rate, ANS

Question 30

synthesis

Answer 30

neurotransmitter created from progenitor cells

Question 31

Packing

Answer 31

neurotransmitters move into vescicles

Question 32

release

Answer 32

released into membrane by exocytosis

Question 33

action

Answer 33

cross cleft, bind to site

Question 34

degradation

Answer 34

degrade

Question 35

anterior hypothalamus

Answer 35

veins

Question 36

posterior hypothalamus

Answer 36

axons

Question 37

pituitary

Answer 37

hormones > bloodstream

Question 38

endocrine

Answer 38

hormones > organ stimulation

Question 39

Brain

Answer 39

tight movement of material through capillaries

Question 40

body

Answer 40

loose movement of material through capillaries

Question 41

Adeno

Answer 41

caffeine, antagonist

Question 42

Cholin

Answer 42

nicotine, agonist

Question 43

GABA

Answer 43

alcohol, agonist

Question 44

Glutama

Answer 44

PCP, Ketamine, antagonist

Question 45

Dopamin

Answer 45

cocaine, methanphetamine, Agonist

Question 46

Seroton

Answer 46

DMT, LSD, agonist

Question 47

Opioid

Answer 47

morphine, heroin, agonist

Question 48

Cannabid

Answer 48

THC, agonist

Question 49

visual sensory

Answer 49

light energy to chemical energy

Question 50

auditory sensory

Answer 50

air pressure > mechanical energy

Question 51

sensation

Answer 51

=registration

Question 52

perception

Answer 52

=interpretation

Question 53

cornea

Answer 53

clear covering

Question 54

lens

Answer 54

depth perception

Question 55

iris

Answer 55

light allowance

Question 56

retina composition

Answer 56

neurons/ photoreceptors

Question 57

rods

Answer 57

night vision, one pigment

Question 58

cones

Answer 58

color vision, three pigments

Question 59

blue short pigment

Answer 59

419 nm

Question 60

green medium pigment

Answer 60

531 nm

Question 61

red, long pigment

Answer 61

559 nm

Question 62

bipolar cells

Answer 62

input from photoreceptors

Question 63

horizontal cells

Answer 63

links photoreceptors to bipolar

Question 64

amacrine cells

Answer 64

links bipolar to ganglion

Question 65

retinal ganglion

Answer 65

gives rise to optic nerve

Question 66

magoncellular

Answer 66

- large - input from rods - light sensitive

Question 67

parvocellular

Answer 67

- small - color sensitive -input from cones

Question 68

tectopulvinar

Answer 68

"where" retina > colliculus > pulvinar > parietal/ temporal

Question 69

retinohypothalamic tract

Answer 69

regulates circadian rhythm and pupil reflex

Question 70

Dorsal visual stream

Answer 70

"how" occipital > parietal

Question 71

Ventral visual stream

Answer 71

"what" occipital > temporal

Question 72

layers 3-6

Answer 72

parvocellular

Question 73

layers 1,4,6

Answer 73

contralateral

Question 74

layers 2,3,5

Answer 74

ipsilateral

Question 75

layers 1,2

Answer 75

magnocellular

Question 76

M layers

Answer 76

1,2

Question 77

P layers

Answer 77

3-6