Brain Phys Ex2 Flashcards by Jaret Knight | Brainscape

Q

Negative pole

A

electron source, higher charge

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Q

Positive pole

A

electron flow, lower charge

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Q

Galvani

A

induced muscle twitch

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Q

Fritsch and Heitzeg

A

neocortex stimulation = movement

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Q

Bartholow

A

first human brain stimulation

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Q

Caton

A

used voltmeter to measure current

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Q

nerve conduction

A

30-40 m/s

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Q

electricity

A

3e8 m/s

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Q

Hodgkin and Huxley

A

giant squid axon

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Q

oscilliscope

A

sensitive voltmeter

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Q

cation

A

+

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Q

anion

A

-

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Q

Diffusion

A

high to low

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Q

resting potential (intracellular)

A

-70 microvolts

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Q

exterior cell composition

A

Na+, Cl-

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Q

interior cell composition

A

K+, A-

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Q

Hyperpolarization

A

more negative, due to influx of Cl- and efflux of K+

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Q

Depolarization

A

less negative charge, due to influx of Na+

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Q

Absolute refractory

A

repolarizing, Na+ closed

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Q

Relative refractory

A

more current, K+ open

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Q

Myelin formation (CNS)

A

oligodendroglia

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Q

Myelin formation (PNS)

A

Schwann cells

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Q

Excitory potential

A

depolarization, yes action potential

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Q

Inhibitory potential (IPSP)

A

hyperpolarization, no action potential

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Q

temporal summation

A

same time

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Q

spatial summation

A

same time and place

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Q

Acetylcholine

A

first neurotransmitter
- activates skeletal in SNS
- inhibits organs in ANS

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Q

Epinephrine

A

mobilizes stress response, CNS

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Q

Norepinephrine

A

accelerates heart rate, ANS

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Q

synthesis

A

neurotransmitter created from progenitor cells

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Q

Packing

A

neurotransmitters move into vescicles

Q

release

A

released into membrane by exocytosis

Q

action

A

cross cleft, bind to site

Q

degradation

A

degrade

Q

anterior hypothalamus

A

veins

Q

posterior hypothalamus

A

axons

Q

pituitary

A

hormones > bloodstream

Q

endocrine

A

hormones > organ stimulation

Q

Brain

A

tight movement of material through capillaries

Q

body

A

loose movement of material through capillaries

Q

Adeno

A

caffeine, antagonist

Q

Cholin

A

nicotine, agonist

Q

GABA

A

alcohol, agonist

Q

Glutama

A

PCP, Ketamine, antagonist

Q

Dopamin

A

cocaine, methanphetamine, Agonist

Q

Seroton

A

DMT, LSD, agonist

Q

Opioid

A

morphine, heroin, agonist

Q

Cannabid

A

THC, agonist

Q

visual sensory

A

light energy to chemical energy

Q

auditory sensory

A

air pressure > mechanical energy

Q

sensation

A

=registration

Q

perception

A

=interpretation

Q

cornea

A

clear covering

Q

lens

A

depth perception

Q

iris

A

light allowance

Q

retina composition

A

neurons/ photoreceptors

Q

rods

A

night vision, one pigment

Q

cones

A

color vision, three pigments

Q

blue short pigment

A

419 nm

Q

green medium pigment

A

531 nm

Q

red, long pigment

A

559 nm

Q

bipolar cells

A

input from photoreceptors

Q

horizontal cells

A

links photoreceptors to bipolar

Q

amacrine cells

A

links bipolar to ganglion

Q

retinal ganglion

A

gives rise to optic nerve

Q

magoncellular

A

large
input from rods
light sensitive

Q

parvocellular

A

small
color sensitive
-input from cones

Q

tectopulvinar

A

“where”
retina > colliculus > pulvinar > parietal/ temporal

Q

retinohypothalamic tract

A

regulates circadian rhythm and pupil reflex

Q

Dorsal visual stream

A

“how”
occipital > parietal

Q

Ventral visual stream

A

“what”
occipital > temporal

Q

layers 3-6

A

parvocellular

Q

layers 1,4,6

A

contralateral

Q

layers 2,3,5

A

ipsilateral

Q

layers 1,2

A

magnocellular

Q

M layers

A

1,2

Q

P layers

A

3-6