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BRAIN ORGANIZATION & Neurotransmitters/Drugs > Brain Org & spinal cord anatomy > Flashcards

Brain Org & spinal cord anatomy Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
0
Q

Forebrain: (Prosencephalon) Diencephalon

A
  • thalamus, -hypothalamus
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1
Q

Forebrain: (Prosencephalon) -Telencephalon

A

Telencephalon: -Celebral cortex, -Basal Ganglia , -Limbic System
(Cerebral hemisphere)

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2
Q

Mesencephalon

A

MidBrain

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3
Q

HindBrain: (Rhombencephalon) Metencephalon

A

Cerebellum , Pons

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4
Q

HindBrain: (Rhombencephalon) Myelencephalon

A

Medulla

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5
Q

Dorsal Horn

A

Sensory information in

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6
Q

Ventral horn

A

Motor information out

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7
Q

Where is the Thalamus.? Forebrain of Hindbrain or Mesencephalon?

A

Forebrain

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8
Q

Is the Hypothalamus? under the Prosencephalon or Rhombencephalon

A

Prosencephalon

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9
Q

Pons is under? Myelencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, Diencephalon,telencephalon

A

Metencephalon

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10
Q

Cerebellum is under? Hindbrain, forebrain

A

Hindbrain

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11
Q

Celebral cortex is under Prosencephalon , Rhombencephalon

A

Prosencephalon

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12
Q

The medulla is under?

A

Myelencephalon

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13
Q

The midbrain is under?

A

Mesencephalon

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14
Q

Agonist

A

Any drug that mimics the Endogenous NT

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15
Q

Endogenous

A

Natural, original NT

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16
Q

Exogenous

A

Outside, ex: heroin, marijuana

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17
Q

Antagonist

A

Block the normal action of endogenous. Binds in place of endogenous NT prevent action.

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18
Q

Competitive or non competitive means:

A

More than one binding site

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19
Q

Competitive

A

Find the exact same place as the NT

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20
Q

Non- competitive

A

Find another site that doesn’t interfere with the NT

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21
Q

Presynaptic Drug Action-

Conduction of action potentials

A

Ex:TTX, blocks the voltage gated sodium channels, meaning blocks action potentials so muscles can’t move.

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22
Q

Presynaptic- Release of synaptic transmitters

A

Ex: Amphetamine, black widow spider venom, ecstasy and speed. Dumps NT and norepinephrine.

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23
Q

Presynaptic- modulation of transmitters release by presynaptic reseptors

A

Ex: caffeine,

24
Q

Presynaptic- inactivation of transmitter reuptake

A

Ex: Prozac(blocks the seratonin so it goes back & rebinds), cocaine, amphetamine,

25
Q

Presynaptic- Blockade of NT degradation.

A

Ex: MAO inhibitors, chemical weapons

26
Q

Postsynaptic- 1. Inactivation of transmitter

A

Physostigmine

27
Q

Postsynaptic- 2. Alteration of the number of postsynaptic receptors[on the wall]

A

Ex:alcohol, heroin,

28
Q

Postsynaptic- 3. Blockade of receptors

A

Ex: antipsychotic drugs. Antagonist. Block dopamine.

29
Q

Postsynaptic- 4. Activation of receptors

A

Ex: Nicotine, LSD (seratonin agonist), stimulate receptors

30
Q

Postsynaptic- 5. Activation of second messenger

A

Ex: Lithium- salt, & mood stabilizer, bipolar

31
Q

Amphetamine

A

Speed

32
Q

Marijuana

A

Mild hallucinogen , #1 most widely used,

33
Q

What are the 3 components of the brain stem ?

A

Medulla, pons, midbrain

34
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory

35
Q

Amygdala

A

Aggression, fear, anger

36
Q

Olfactory bulb is in the?

A

Limbic system

37
Q

Limbic system is responsible for?

A

Emotional response

38
Q

Basal ganglia is responsible for?

A

Initiation of movement

39
Q

Where is Parkinson’s disease?

A

In the substantia nigra. Under the Basal Ganglia

40
Q

Cortical lobes- (4)

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

41
Q

Frontal lobe includes?(3)

A

Strategy, planning, motor area

42
Q

Parietal includes-

A

Somatosensory (touch), 1. Finger/hands 2.lips/mouth 3.genetelia

43
Q

Temporal lobe includes-

A

Auditory, language

44
Q

Occipital lobe includes

A

Vision

45
Q

Circadium rhythm is? Under? Suprachia SCN?

A

Daily clock. Under hypothalamic nuclei. Anxious will wake you up, resets w/ day light.

46
Q

Where is autism under?

A

Cerebellum

47
Q

What is cerebellum in charge of?

A

Motor coordination

48
Q

Cocaine- too much causes?

A

A heart spasm

49
Q

Cocaine- blocks reuptake of?

3

A

DA: dopamine, NE: norepinephrine , 5-HT: seratonin

50
Q

Cocaine- creates (2)

A

Irregular heart beat, nail baiting/teeth grinding

51
Q

Opiates- endogenous NT are?

A

Endorphins (brain’s natural pain killers), enkephalins, dynorphins

52
Q

Opiates is a ?

A

CNS depressant and activates endorphin receptors in the brain

53
Q

Opiates include…(3

A

Opium, heroin, morphine

54
Q

Reward pathway: (4)

A
  1. Ventral tegmental area(VTA)
  2. Nucleus accumbens via the
  3. Medial forebrain bundle and then to
  4. The prefrontal cortex
55
Q

Models of addiction- (4)

A

Moral, disease, physical, reward

56
Q

Seratonin

A

Inhibitory. Helps regulate mood, sleep, appetite

57
Q

Endorphins

A

Energy, natural pain killer

58
Q

Dopamine

A

Drives addiction, creates desire, release when brain need to take note of current behavior.

BRAIN ORGANIZATION & Neurotransmitters/Drugs (1 decks)

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