Brain/Neurotransmitters Flashcards
Frontal Lobe: Functions
Ability to think & plan, executive functions (complex, cognitive tasks), insight, stability of personality, motor aspects of spoken and written speech, inhibition of primitive emotional responses
Frontal Lobe: Dysfunctions
Difficulty with abstract thinking, attention, concentration, motivation
inability for self-eval
instability of personality
irritability, impulsiveness, inappropriate behavior
words/writing garbled
Parietal Lobe: Functions
Receiving and identifying sensory info, memory association, proprioception (perception of self), sensory speech
Parietal Lobe: Dysfunctions
Inability to recognize sensations (touch, pain, temp), inability to learn from past, inability to recognize body in relation to environment, difficulty dressing & eating, inability to recognize spoken/written words
Temporal Lobe: Functions
hearing, complex memory, emotion, gender identity, production/analysis of speech
Temporal Lobe: Dysfunctions
auditory hallucinations, memory impairment/difficulty learning, difficulting recognizing own emotions and controlling sexual/aggressive drives, confusion about masculinity/femininity, aphasia (difficulty forming and comprehending language)
Occipital Lobe: Functions
Vision
Occipital Lobe: Dysfunctions
visual hallucinations, loss of visual memory, inability to understand meaning of written words
Limbic System: Function
Regulating emotional responses, smell interpretation, memory collation, impressions of agreeableness/disagreeableness, regulate ANS
Limbic System: Dysfunction
excessive emotional responses, inability to recognize own emotions, olfactory hallucinations, difficulty with declarative memory, working and long-term memory problems, difficult learning, increased thirst/hunger
RAS: Function
Receiving of impulses from entire body and relaying to cortex
RAS: Dysfunction
Sedation or loss consciousness; difficulties controlling aggression, may contribute to passivity
Cerebellum: Function
coordination of skeletal muscles, maintaining equilibrium/posture, procedural memory, reward center
Cerebellum: Dysfunction
difficulty with motor skills, regulating ROM, balance issues, difficulty walking upright and performing tasks, decreased ability to experience pleasure
Dopamine (DA): Function
Abstract thinking, decision making, pleasure/reward system, learning, integration of thoughts and emotions, increased sex drive
Dopamine (DA): Excess/Deficit
Excess: mania, disorganized thinking
Deficit: ADHD, parkinson’s
Norepinephrine (NE), Epinephrine (E): Function
Alertness, ability to focus, ability to be orientated, necessary for learning and memory, mood, appetite, fight or flight
Norepinephrine (NE), Epinephrine (E): Excess/Deficit
Excess: Paranoia, loss of appetite, anxiety
Deficit: depression
Ppl are very sensitive to small fluctuations
Serotonin (5-HT): Function
mood and emotional behavior, inhibition of activity, pain perception, plays role in sleep cycle/circadian rhythm
Serotonin (5-HT): Excess/Deficit
Excess: increased sleep, decreased anxiety, indecision, decreased sex drive
Deficit: irritability, hostility, insomnia, decreased impulse control
Acetylcholine (ACh): Function
“Guardian Angel of PSN”
preparation for action, emotional regulation, social play/exploration
Acetylcholine (ACh): Excess/Deficit
lack of inhibition, antisocial behaviors
GABA: Function
Calmness, contentedness, reduction of agression/anxiety
GABA: Excess/Deficit
Excess: sedation, impaired recent memory
Deficit: irritability, high anxiety, lack of coordination
anxiolytics, anticonvulsants
Histamine: Function
Can help disperse neurotransmitters
Glutamate (Glu): Function
Main excitatory neurotransmitter, develops and strengthens synapses, improves memory and learning
Glutamate (Glu): Excess/Deficit
Schizophrenia, damages to neurons releases toxic Glu level
‘ALS, Alzheimers
Hypothalamus
maintain homeostasis/equilibrium
thirst, hunger, sex, anorexia, bulemia
Amygdala
control of emotions (nurturing behavior/fear conditioning)
inappropriate fear/rage, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD
Hippocampus
Information processing (sensory to action)
Declarative memory impairment, “lazy/unmotivated”
Cigulate gyrus
regulates stress, emotional content of physical pain, executive organizer/direction attention
AND, depression, emotion content
Thalamus
impressions of agreeableness/disagreeableness, relay station, sensory-motor information (pain)
OCD, schizophrenia, mood-disorders
