Brain & Neuro Flashcards
Areas of the Brain, Neurotransmitters, Receptors
1
Q
Branches
of the
Nervous System
A
2
Q
Function of
Alpha1 Sympathetic Receptor
A
- Constriction of arterioles and veins
- Pupil dilation
3
Q
Function of
Alpha2 Sympathetic Receptor
A
- Vasoconstriction
- Venoconstriction
- Hypotension
- Decreased GI motility
4
Q
Function of
Beta1 Sympathetic Receptor
A
In the HEART:
- Increased HR
- Increased contractility
- Increased automaticity
- Increased conduction
5
Q
Function of
Beta2 Sympathetic Receptors
A
- Bronchodilation
- Vasodilation
- Inhibition of uterine contractions
- Skeletal muscle tremors
6
Q
Function
of
Parasympathetic NS
A
- Pupil constriction
- Decrease HR
- Decrease contractility
- Decrease BP
- Bronchoconstriction
- Increase GI activity
7
Q
Neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
A
- Preganglionic neurotransmitter of sympathetic NS
- Pre- and postganglionic neurotx of parasympathatic NS
- Acts at neuromuscular junction
8
Q
Neurotransmitter
Dopamine
A
- Affects brain areas responsible for:
- movement
- emotions
- pleasure
- May play role in addiction
- Parkinson’s linked to death of dopaminurgic neurons
- MOA of some antipsychotics and antidepressants
9
Q
Neurotransmitter
GABA
Gamma-aminobutyric Acid
A
- Inhibits CNS activity
- Deficiency can play role in anxiety & insomnia
- Benzodiazepine MOA: stimulate GABA receptors
10
Q
Neurotransmitter
Glutamate
A
- Plays role in learning and memory
- May be deficient in Alzheimer’s and acoholic brain damage
11
Q
Neurotransmitter
Norepinephrine
A
- Helps regulate Reticular Activating System (RAS)
- Excess in amygdala & forebrain may lead to anxiety
- Reduced activity may play role in depression
- SNRIs prevent reuptake (Wellbutrin)
12
Q
Neurotransmitter
Serotonin
A
- Regulates…
- mood
- emotion
- appetite
- sleep
- General feelings of well-being
- Lack may lead to depression
- SSRIs
13
Q
Thalamus
A
Relay and processing centers for sensory information.
14
Q
Hypothalamus
A
- Controls emotions, autonomic functions, and hormones
- Hunger
- Thirst
- Temperature
- Aggression
- Interacts with pituitary for integration of nervous & endocrine control
15
Q
Pituitary Gland
A
- Release of hypothalamic hormones
- Secretion of hormones regulating endocrine activity (under hypothalamic control)
16
Q
Midbrain
A
- Processing visual and auditory data
- Involuntary somatic motor responses
- Maintenance of consciousness
17
Q
Pons
A
- Relay sensory info to cerebellum and thalamus
- Involuntary somatic & visceral motor center
18
Q
Medulla Oblongata
A
- Relays sensory info to thalamus
- Autonomic center for visceral functions
- (cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive)
19
Q
Cerebrum
A
- Conscious thought
- Intellectual functions
- Memory storage & processing
- Involuntary somatic motor patterns
20
Q
Cerebellum
A
- Muscle tone
- Coordination of movement
- Balance and posture
- Involuntary complex somatic motor patterns
- Memory of learned motor patterns
- Adjusts output of other somatic motor centers in brain and spinal cord
21
Q
Frontal Lobe
A
- Cognition
- Problem solving
- Reasoning
- Learning
- Judgement
- Intelligence
- Personality
22
Q
Temporal Lobe
A
- Hearing
- Verbal (left) and Visual (right) memory
23
Q
Parietal Lobe
A
- Touch
- Kinesthetic sense
- Balance
- Interpretation of sensory information
- Visuospatial abilities
- Understanding spoken & written language
24
Q
Occipital Lobe
A
- Receives and analyzes visual information
25
Q
RAS
Reticular Activating System
A
- Fibers within the hypothalamus, thalamus, medulla, pons, and midbrain
- Responsible for maintaining consciousness
- Relay sensory infor from spinal cord
26
Q
Amygdala
A
- Part of limbic system
- Memory formation
- Emotional reactions
