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Pharmacology > Brain, Mind, and Behavior > Flashcards

Brain, Mind, and Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Typical antipsychotic - D2 receptor antagonists

Adverse Effects:

  • Nigrostriatal: Motor “EPS” (tardive dyskinesia)
  • Hypothalamus: Endocrine (hyperprolactinemia and therefore diminished GnRH)

Rare: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

  • Symptoms = hyperthermia and muscle rigidity
  • Treatment = withdraw typical antipsychotic, cooling/hydration, DANTROLENE (muscle relaxant) and BROMOCRIPTINE (dopamine agonist)

Note: Can treat Huntington’s chorea and Tourette’s (hyperkinetic movement disorders)

Note: The -azines cause anticholinergic and alpha-receptor blockage –> Dry mouth, constipation, orthostatic hypotension

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2
Q

Fluphenazine

A

Typical antipsychotic

Adverse Effects:

  • Nigrostriatal: Motor “EPS” (tardive dyskinesia)
  • Hypothalamus: Endocrine (hyperprolactinemia and therefore diminished GnRH)

Rare: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

  • Symptoms = hyperthermia and muscle rigidity
  • Treatment = withdraw typical antipsychotic, cooling/hydration, DANTROLENE (muscle relaxant) and BROMOCRIPTINE (dopamine agonist)

Note: Can treat Huntington’s chorea and Tourette’s (hyperkinetic movement disorders)

Note: The -azines cause anticholinergic and alpha-receptor blockage –> Dry mouth, constipation, orthostatic hypotension

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3
Q

Haloperidol

A

Typical antipsychotic

Adverse Effects:

  • Nigrostriatal: Motor “EPS” (tardive dyskinesia)
  • Hypothalamus: Endocrine (hyperprolactinemia and therefore diminished GnRH)

Rare: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

  • Symptoms = hyperthermia and muscle rigidity
  • Treatment = withdraw typical antipsychotic, cooling/hydration, DANTROLENE (muscle relaxant) and BROMOCRIPTINE (dopamine agonist)

Note: Can treat Huntington’s chorea and Tourette’s (hyperkinetic movement disorders)

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4
Q

Aripiprazole

A

Atypical antipsychotic (can be used in bipolar disorder too)

  • Fewer EPS and Endocrine side effects than typicals (not zero though)
  • Wider therapeutic window than typicals
  • Similar efficacy to typicals

Adverse effects:

  • Metabolic: weight gain, diabetes mellitus 2, elevated LDL
  • Especially bad in pediatric and geriatric patients
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5
Q

Clozapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic

  • Fewer EPS and Endocrine side effects than typicals (not zero though)
  • Wider therapeutic window than typicals
  • Similar efficacy to typicals

Adverse effects:

  • Metabolic: weight gain, diabetes mellitus 2, elevated LDL
  • Especially bad in pediatric and geriatric patients
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6
Q

Olanzapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic

  • Fewer EPS and Endocrine side effects than typicals (not zero though)
  • Wider therapeutic window than typicals
  • Similar efficacy to typicals

Adverse effects:

  • Metabolic: weight gain, diabetes mellitus 2, elevated LDL
  • Especially bad in pediatric and geriatric patients
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7
Q

Risperidone

A

Atypical antipsychotic

  • Fewer EPS and Endocrine side effects than typicals (not zero though)
  • Wider therapeutic window than typicals
  • Similar efficacy to typicals

Adverse effects:

  • Metabolic: weight gain, diabetes mellitus 2, elevated LDL
  • Especially bad in pediatric and geriatric patients
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8
Q

Quetiapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic (treats bipolar disorder too)

Atypical antipsychotic

  • Fewer EPS and Endocrine side effects than typicals (not zero though)
  • Wider therapeutic window than typicals
  • Similar efficacy to typicals

Adverse effects:

  • Metabolic: weight gain, diabetes mellitus 2, elevated LDL
  • Especially bad in pediatric and geriatric patients
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9
Q

Imipramine

A

Tricyclic Antidepressant (depression) - Inhibits reuptake of NE

Risk: Cardiac arrhythmia

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10
Q

Escitalopram

A

SSRI (depression)

Adverse event: GI and Sexual

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11
Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI (depression)

NOTE: Only FDA approved med for Bulimia Nervosa

Adverse event: GI and Sexual

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12
Q

Paroxetine

A

SSRI (depression)

Adverse event: GI and Sexual

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13
Q

Sertraline

A

SSRI (depression)

Adverse event: GI and Sexual

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14
Q

Paroxetine

A

SSRI (depression)

Adverse event: GI and Sexual

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15
Q

Sertraline

A

SSRI (depression)

Adverse event: GI and Sexual

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16
Q

Venlafaxine

A

SNRI (depression)

Adverse event: GI and Sexual

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17
Q

Duloxetine

A

SNRI (depression)

Adverse event: GI and Sexual

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18
Q

Phenelzine

A

MAOI (depression)

Risk: Hypertensive crisis from dietary amines (such as yeast extracts like Vegemite)

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19
Q

Bupropion

A

Atypical antidepressant (also used as nicotine pharmacotherapy)

  • Inhibits reuptake of dopamine and NE

NOTE: Contraindicated in anorexia nervosa & bulimia nervosa patients and in patients with decreased seizure threshold.

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20
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Atypical antidepressant

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21
Q

Lithium

A

Treats bipolar disorder

  • Low sodium makes lithium more toxic
  • Teratogenic
  • Drug-drug interactions (esp. renal drugs)
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22
Q

Carabamazepine

A

Anticonvulsant (treats bipolar disorder)

  • Induces Cytochrome P450 to interact with many other drugs
  • Teratogenic
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23
Q

Valproic acid

A

Anticonvulsant (treats bipolar disorder)

  • Induces Cytochrome P450 to interact with many other drugs
  • Teratogenic
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24
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Anticonvulsant (treats bipolar disorder)

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25
Q

Amitriptyline

A

Tricyclic Antidepressant (depression) - Inhibits reuptake of NE

Risk: Cardiac arrhythmia

Note: Can be used for headache analgesia

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26
Q

Amphetamines

A

Release dopamine and NE

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27
Q

Cocaine

A

Inhibits reuptake of dopamine and NE

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28
Q

Desipramine

A

TCA - inhibits NE reuptake

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29
Q

Alpha-methyltyrosine

A

Decreased dopamine and NE - inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase

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30
Q

Reserpine

A

Decreased dopamine, NE, and serotonin - inhibits vesicular uptake

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31
Q

Prednisone

A

Headache analgesia

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32
Q

Aminosalicylic acid (ASA)

A

NSAID (Aspirin)

Used in headache analgesia and as a blood thinner.

  • Irreversibly acetylates COX - fries platelet for good.
  • *Warning: Reye’s Syndrome = if you give aspirin to child after viral illness, you can cause hepatotoxicity and death!!
  • Aspirin not for kids with viral illness (URI, chickenpox, etc.)

Note: Other NSAIDs reversibly inhibit COX and cannot prevent clotting. Ex: no amount of Ibuprofen can prevent clotting.

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33
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Headache analgesia (Tylenol)

  • NOT an NSAID. We don’t know how it works (COX, 5-HT, … ?)
  • Is an OK antipyretic and analgesic
  • No effect on GI, Platelet, Renal, CV (like NSAIDs)
  • Overdose can cause fatal hepatic necrosis (its metabolite covalently binds to liver cells)
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34
Q

Ibuprofen

A

NSAID

Headache analgesia (Advil)

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35
Q

Ergotamine

A

Headache analgesia

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36
Q

Sumatriptan

A

Headache analgesia

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37
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

Headache analgesia

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38
Q

AAC

A

Acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine: Headache analgesia

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39
Q

Verapamil

A

Headache analgesia

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40
Q

Perphenazine

A

Typical antipsychotic - D2 receptor antagonists

Adverse Effects:

  • Nigrostriatal: Motor “EPS” (tardive dyskinesia)
  • Hypothalamus: Endocrine (hyperprolactinemia and therefore diminished GnRH)

Rare: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

  • Symptoms = hyperthermia and muscle rigidity
  • Treatment = withdraw typical antipsychotic, cooling/hydration, DANTROLENE (muscle relaxant) and BROMOCRIPTINE (dopamine agonist)

Note: Can treat Huntington’s chorea and Tourette’s (hyperkinetic movement disorders)

Note: The -azines cause anticholinergic and alpha-receptor blockage –> Dry mouth, constipation, orthostatic hypotension

How well did you know this?
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41
Q

Thioridazine

A

Typical antipsychotic - D2 receptor antagonists

Adverse Effects:

  • Nigrostriatal: Motor “EPS” (tardive dyskinesia)
  • Hypothalamus: Endocrine (hyperprolactinemia and therefore diminished GnRH)

Rare: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

  • Symptoms = hyperthermia and muscle rigidity
  • Treatment = withdraw typical antipsychotic, cooling/hydration, DANTROLENE (muscle relaxant) and BROMOCRIPTINE (dopamine agonist)

Note: Can treat Huntington’s chorea and Tourette’s (hyperkinetic movement disorders)

Note: The -azines cause anticholinergic and alpha-receptor blockage –> Dry mouth, constipation, orthostatic hypotension

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42
Q

Thiothixene

A

Typical antipsychotic - D2 receptor antagonists

Adverse Effects:

  • Nigrostriatal: Motor “EPS” (tardive dyskinesia)
  • Hypothalamus: Endocrine (hyperprolactinemia and therefore diminished GnRH)

Rare: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

  • Symptoms = hyperthermia and muscle rigidity
  • Treatment = withdraw typical antipsychotic, cooling/hydration, DANTROLENE (muscle relaxant) and BROMOCRIPTINE (dopamine agonist)

Note: Can treat Huntington’s chorea and Tourette’s (hyperkinetic movement disorders)

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43
Q

Trifluoperazine

A

Typical antipsychotic - D2 receptor antagonists

Adverse Effects:

  • Nigrostriatal: Motor “EPS” (tardive dyskinesia)
  • Hypothalamus: Endocrine (hyperprolactinemia and therefore diminished GnRH)

Rare: Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

  • Symptoms = hyperthermia and muscle rigidity
  • Treatment = withdraw typical antipsychotic, cooling/hydration, DANTROLENE (muscle relaxant) and BROMOCRIPTINE (dopamine agonist)

Note: Can treat Huntington’s chorea and Tourette’s (hyperkinetic movement disorders)

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44
Q

Asenapine

A

Atypical antipsychotic

  • Fewer EPS and Endocrine side effects than typicals (not zero though)
  • Wider therapeutic window than typicals
  • Similar efficacy to typicals

Adverse effects:

  • Metabolic: weight gain, diabetes mellitus 2, elevated LDL
  • Especially bad in pediatric and geriatric patients
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45
Q

Paliperidone

A

Atypical antipsychotic

  • Fewer EPS and Endocrine side effects than typicals (not zero though)
  • Wider therapeutic window than typicals
  • Similar efficacy to typicals

Adverse effects:

  • Metabolic: weight gain, diabetes mellitus 2, elevated LDL
  • Especially bad in pediatric and geriatric patients
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46
Q

Ziprasidone

A

Atypical antipsychotic

  • Fewer EPS and Endocrine side effects than typicals (not zero though)
  • Wider therapeutic window than typicals
  • Similar efficacy to typicals

Adverse effects:

  • Metabolic: weight gain, diabetes mellitus 2, elevated LDL
  • Especially bad in pediatric and geriatric patients
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47
Q

Seligiline

A

MAOI (antidepressant)
AND
Parkinson’s drug

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48
Q

Tranylcypromine

A

MAOI (antidepressant)

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49
Q

Fluvoxamine

A

SSRI (antidepressant)

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50
Q

Citalopram

A

SSRI (antidepressant)

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51
Q

Trazodone

A

Atypical antidepressant

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52
Q

Lisdexamfetamine

A

Treats binge eating disorder and ADHD

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53
Q

Acamprosate

A

Alcohol withdrawal pharmacotherapy - dampens excitatory neurotransmission associated with alcohol withdrawal

  • Second line to naltrexone
  • AND what about the alcohol?
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54
Q

Disulfiram

A

Alcohol withdrawal pharmacotherapy - inhibits aldehyde DH

  • If you take this with alcohol, acetaldehyde builds and you get sick.
  • Not that great…

*AND what about the alcohol?

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55
Q

Naltrexone

A

Alcohol withdrawal pharmacotherapy - opiate antagonist

  • Opiate receptors stimulate reward system so by blocking, you inhibit dependence on alcohol to stimulate reward
  • New first line

*AND what about the alcohol?

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56
Q

Varenicline

A

Nicotine pharmacotherapy

  • Partial agonist at nAChR (alpha-4/beta-2 subtype)
  • Dual agonist and antagonist properties: physically prevents nicotine from binding and releases intrinsically less dopamine at the nAcc.
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57
Q

Nicotine replacement therapy

A

Nicotine pharmacotherapy

Contraindications:

  • Cardiac arrhythmias, post-MI, angina
  • Pregnant women

Adverse reactions (patch):

  • Skin irritation
  • Sleep disturbances (vivid dreaming)

Adverse reactions (gum and lozenge)

  • Hiccups and nausea
  • Jaw aches and mouth soreness
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58
Q

Morphine

A

Mu receptor agonist

  • Metabolites: Liver turns Morphine –> Morphine 3-glucoronide and Morphine 6-glucoronide. They both go to kidneys and get peed out.
  • If patient has renal insufficiency… You build up these water-soluble metabolites.
  • If morphine 6 glucoronide crosses the BBB, it is 100x more potent than morphine!!!!
  • So anyone with renal insufficiency (like OLD PEOPLE), stay the fuck away from morphine!
59
Q

Meperidine

A

Mu receptor agonist

  • Metabolites: Liver turns Meperidine –> Normeperidine which goes to kidneys to be peed out.
  • Normeperidine can cause seizures if levels too high.
  • Patients with renal insufficiency… Normeperidine builds up and causes SEIZURES.
60
Q

Hydromorphone

A

Mu receptor agonist

  • No significant active metabolites: In patients with renal failure, this replaces morphine as treatment.
61
Q

Pentazocine

A

Kappa agonist/Mu antagonist
- Kappa = krappy at analgesia and makes you krazy

  • Do NOT give in chronic opioid users –> triggers withdrawal
  • Causes less respiratory depression & sedation & euphoria via kappa.
  • Give to reverse opioid side effects while maintaining analgesia
62
Q

Butorphanol

A

Kappa agonist/Mu antagonist

- Kappa = krappy

63
Q

Nalbuphine

A

Kappa agonist/Mu antagonist

- Kappa = krappy

64
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Partial mu agonist (binds mu receptor very tightly but only turns it on a little bit)

  • Used for heroin addicts/opioid addicts.
  • It blocks heroin/opioid from binding AND it is weak so it doesn’t create withdrawal.
  • When you take them off the buprenorphine finally, their withdrawal is super mild!
65
Q

Naloxone

A

Mu receptor antagonist

- Give in opioid overdose

66
Q

Naltrexone

A

Mu receptor antagonist

- Give in opioid overdose

67
Q

Methadone

A

Mu receptor agonist

- Uniquely has 24 hour half life (all other opioids have 2-3 hour)

68
Q

Codeine

A

Mu receptor agonist

69
Q

Oxycodone

A

Mu receptor agonist

70
Q

Hydrocodone

A

Mu receptor agonist

  • Fun fact = this is Vicodin
71
Q

Heroin

A

Mu receptor agonist

72
Q

Fentanyl

A

Mu receptor agonist

73
Q

Methadone

A

Mu receptor agonist

74
Q

Tramadol

A

Mu receptor agonist

- Does mild/moderate pain only

75
Q

Dephenoxylate

A

Antidiarrheal - opioid

76
Q

Loperamide

A

Antidiarrheal - opioid

77
Q

Meloxicam

78
Q

Celecoxib

A

NSAID

Selective COX 2 inhibitor

  • No platelet effect
  • Only NSAID that doesn’t increase bleeding (can give before surgeries)
79
Q

Naprosyn

80
Q

Indomethacin

81
Q

Diclofenac

82
Q

Nabumetone

83
Q

Ketorolac

84
Q

NSAIDs

A

General:
- Inhibits COX 1 and 2 (cyclooxygenase) enzymes which take… Arachidonic acid –> Prostaglandins

Pain:
- COX 2 works when injury occurs AND is always active in CNS (to potentiate pain pathway). Thus, NSAIDs work peripherally and centrally.

GI:

  • COX 1 making PG’s that help keep stomach lining intact (help make bicarbonate, thicken stomach wall, increase blood flow to stomach for repair). Chronic NSAID use increase risk of upper GI bleed.
  • Put chronic NSAID user on PPI.

Renal:

  • Need prostaglandins to maintain blood flow in low blood flow states through your kidneys!
  • Don’t give NSAIDS if you have a case of low blood flow through kidneys or your patient will get ischemic tubular necrosis.
  • Low perfusion states = hypovolemia (hemorrhage) AND congestive heart failure

Hemostasis:

  • Endothelial cells have COX 2, which makes Prostacyclin (PGI2). PGI2 is a platelet inhibitor and vasodilator (enable blood flow)
  • Platelets have COX 1 and make Thromboxane A2, which is a platelet activator and vasoconstrictor (how they do their job).
  • Platelets have no nuclei and cannot counteract NSAID activity like endothelial cells can so NSAIDs inhibit platelet activity.
  • Aspirin is the only NSAID to irreversibly inhibit COX. Others reversibly inhibit.

Note: COX 1 is ‘housekeeping’ which is present in tissues all the time.
Note: COX 2 is ‘inflammatory’ one which is present during injury (makes PG’s that bind to nociceptor and induce pain). Note: COX 2 also makes PGI2 (platelets) [not COX 1]

85
Q

Opioids

A
  • Analgesia
  • Sedation
  • Respiratory depression
  • Miosis

Euphoria
Dependence

86
Q

Timolol

A

Glaucoma drug

  • Beta adrenergic antagonist
  • Reduce aqueous humor production
87
Q

Levobunolol

A

Glaucoma drug

  • Beta adrenergic antagonist
  • Reduce aqueous humor production
88
Q

Metipranolol

A

Glaucoma drug

  • Beta adrenergic antagonist
  • Reduce aqueous humor production
89
Q

Carteolol

A

Glaucoma drug

  • Beta adrenergic antagonist
  • Reduce aqueous humor production
90
Q

Brimonidine

A

Glaucoma drug

  • Alpha 2 agonist
  • Decrease aqueous production AND increase uveoscleral outflow
91
Q

Apraclonidine

A

Glaucoma drug

  • Alpha 2 agonist
  • Decrease aqueous production AND increase uveoscleral outflow
92
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Glaucoma drug

  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
  • Decrease rate of HCO3- formation: Inhibit secretion of aqueous
93
Q

Methazolamide

A

Glaucoma drug

  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
  • Decrease rate of HCO3- formation: Inhibit secretion of aqueous
94
Q

Dorzolamide

A

Glaucoma drug

  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
  • Decrease rate of HCO3- formation: Inhibit secretion of aqueous
95
Q

Brinzolamide

A

Glaucoma drug

  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
  • Decrease rate of HCO3- formation: Inhibit secretion of aqueous
96
Q

Latanaprost

A

Glaucoma drug

  • Prostaglandin analogue
  • Increase uveoscleral outflow
  • First line treatment
97
Q

Bimatoprost

A

Glaucoma drug

  • Prostaglandin analogue
  • Increase uveoscleral outflow
  • First line treatment
98
Q

Travoprost

A

Glaucoma drug

  • Prostaglandin analogue
  • Increase uveoscleral outflow
  • First line treatment
99
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Glaucoma drug

  • Cholinergic agonist
  • Increase aqueous outflow through trabecular meshwork
100
Q

Echothiophate

A

Glaucoma drug

  • Inhibits acetylcholinesterase
  • Increase aqueous outflow through trabecular meshwork
101
Q

Amantidine

A

Parkinson’s drug

- Induces DA release from nigrostriatal neuron

102
Q

Benztropine

A

Parkinson’s drug

- AChR antagonist

103
Q

Carbidopa

A

Parkinson’s drug

  • Inhibits peripheral DDC (dopa decarboxylase) so more reaches CNS
  • Used with L-Dopa (“Sinemet”)
104
Q

Entacapone

A

Parkinson’s drug

- Inhibits COMT (catechol-O-methyl transferase), which converts Dopamine and L-Dopa from their path.

105
Q

Levodopa

A

Parkinson’s drug

- Dopamine precursor

106
Q

Pramipexole

A

Parkinson’s drug

- D2/D3 agonist

107
Q

Ropinirole

A

Parkinson’s drug

- D2/D3 agonist

108
Q

Tolcapone

A

Parkinson’s drug

- Inhibits COMT (catechol-O-methyl transferase), which converts Dopamine and L-Dopa from their path.

109
Q

Pergolide

A

Parkinson’s drug

- Dopamine agonist

110
Q

Procaine

A

Local anesthetic

- Ester

111
Q

Chloroprocaine

A

Local anesthetic

- Ester

112
Q

Tetracaine

A

Local anesthetic

- Ester

113
Q

Lidocaine

A

Local anesthetic

- Amide

114
Q

Mepivacaine

A

Local anesthetic

- Amide

115
Q

Prilocaine

A

Local anesthetic

- Amide

116
Q

Bupivacaine

A

Local anesthetic

- Amide

117
Q

Ropivacaine

A

Local anesthetic

- Amide

118
Q

Propofol

A

IV General Anesthetic

119
Q

Ketamine

A

IV General Anesthetic

120
Q

Etomidate

A

IV General Anesthetic

121
Q

Dexmedetomidine

A

IV General Anesthetic

122
Q

Nitrous oxide

A

Inhalational General Anesthetic

123
Q

Isoflurane

A

Inhalational General Anesthetic

124
Q

Desflurane

A

Inhalational General Anesthetic

125
Q

Sevoflurane

A

Inhalational General Anesthetic

126
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Antiepileptic

127
Q

Levetiracetam

A

Antiepileptic

128
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Antiepileptic

129
Q

Phenytoin

A

Antiepileptic

130
Q

Valproate

A

Antiepileptic

131
Q

Aprazolam

A

Anxiolytic, Alcohol withdrawal, Muscle spasms

  • Benzodiazepine
  • Allosteric ligand at GABA-A receptor. Potentiate effects of GABA (indirect effect on chloride influx through channel)
132
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

A

Anxiolytic, Alcohol withdrawal, Muscle spasms

  • Benzodiazepine
  • Allosteric ligand at GABA-A receptor. Potentiate effects of GABA (indirect effect on chloride influx through channel)
133
Q

Clonazepam

A

Anxiolytic, Alcohol withdrawal, Muscle spasms

  • Benzodiazepine
  • Allosteric ligand at GABA-A receptor. Potentiate effects of GABA (indirect effect on chloride influx through channel)
134
Q

Diazepam

A

Anxiolytic, Alcohol withdrawal, Muscle spasms

  • Benzodiazepine
  • Allosteric ligand at GABA-A receptor. Potentiate effects of GABA (indirect effect on chloride influx through channel)
135
Q

Lorazepam

A

Anxiolytic, Alcohol withdrawal, Muscle spasms

  • Benzodiazepine
  • Allosteric ligand at GABA-A receptor. Potentiate effects of GABA (indirect effect on chloride influx through channel)
  • All benzos metabolized hepatically (either by oxidation OR glucoronidation).
  • LOT: LOT drugs do not undergo oxidation (better for liver). Use in patients with liver problems or old patients.

Less lipophilic = Slow acting but More sustained relief.
- Does not cross BBB as quickly but does not deposit into peripheral fat either.

136
Q

Midazolam

A

Anxiolytic, Alcohol withdrawal, Muscle spasms

  • Benzodiazepine
  • Allosteric ligand at GABA-A receptor. Potentiate effects of GABA (indirect effect on chloride influx through channel)
137
Q

Temazepam

A

Anxiolytic, Alcohol withdrawal, Muscle spasms

  • Benzodiazepine
  • Allosteric ligand at GABA-A receptor. Potentiate effects of GABA (indirect effect on chloride influx through channel)
  • All benzos metabolized hepatically (either by oxidation OR glucoronidation).
  • LOT: LOT drugs do not undergo oxidation (better for liver). Use in patients with liver problems or old patients.
138
Q

Oxazepam

A

Anxiolytic, Alcohol withdrawal, Muscle spasms

  • Benzodiazepine
  • Allosteric ligand at GABA-A receptor. Potentiate effects of GABA (indirect effect on chloride influx through channel)
  • All benzos metabolized hepatically (either by oxidation OR glucoronidation).
  • LOT: LOT drugs do not undergo oxidation (better for liver). Use in patients with liver problems or old patients.
139
Q

Flumazenil

A

Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist

  • Used in BZD complications
140
Q

Buspirone

A

Anxiolytic

  • Serotonin agonist
141
Q

Zolpidem

A

Insomnia medication

  • Lasts 3 hours
  • Use less in women
142
Q

Zaleplon

A

Insomnia medication

  • Lasts 2 hours
  • Jet lag
143
Q

Eszopiclone

A

Insomnia medication

- Lasts 6 hours

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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