Brain functioning

Question 1

5HT transporter gene: portion of the gene - ______ region - has a

Answer 1

Portion of the gene – the promoter region – has long and short allele

Question 2

5HT trans. gene: 20+ year longitudinal study recorded stressful life events:

Answer 2

• People with more stressful life events had more depression

- This increase in depression was much greater for people that had 1 or 2 short alleles

Question 3

5HT trans. gene: Depressed pts with 2 long alleles

Answer 3

• more likely to respond to antidepressant meds than pts with 1 or 2 short alleles
• had better long term outcome for antidepressant med treatment than pts with 1 or 2 short alleles

Question 4

5HT trans gene: recent meta-analyses found

Answer 4

no significant effects emerged when results of all published studies combined (promoter gene presented as having a much more certain role in depression in last edition of book)

Question 5

Subgenual Anterior cingulate is proposed to be a

Answer 5

focal point of network of brain regions that regulate mood and plays critical role in development of depression

Question 6

Re. SAC: Depressed pts have increased

Answer 6

• Increased sACC activity (said just the opposite in the last edition of the book)

Question 7

Re. SAC: Depressed pts have decreased

Answer 7

Activity of other prefrontal areas including

a. DLPFC
b. VMPFC
c. Orbitofrontal cortex

Question 8

Decrease in activity of sACC consistently seen in

Answer 8

Successful treatment for depression usually accompanied by increased activity in these other prefrontal areas

Question 9

Earlier, it was noted that DBS and VNS

Answer 9

Decreased sACC activity and improved depression

Question 10

Electrical stimulation and pharmacological tx of depression associated with

Answer 10

Decreased activation of sACC