Brain Functional Localization

Question 1

Primary Motor Cortex

Answer 1

Precentral gyrus, anterior paracentral lobule

Involved in precise individual muscle contr. - execution of movement

Question 2

Premotor Cortex

Answer 2

Posterior portion of frontal gyri

Involved in the preparation of movement and postural adjustments required to make a movement

Question 3

Supplemental Motor Cortex

Answer 3

Medial surface of superior frontal gyrus

Involved in organizing/planning the sequence of muscle activation to make a movement

Question 4

Frontal Eye Fields

Answer 4

Lateral surface of the frontal lobe, anterior to the premotor cortex

Involved in voluntary conjugate eye movements

Question 5

Motor (Broca’s) Speech Area

Answer 5

Opercular and triangular portions of the inferior frontal gyrus

Involved with the generation of the proper pattern of signals to speech musculature (expressive language)

Question 6

Prefrontal (orbitofrontal) Cortex

Answer 6

Remaining (anterior) portions of the frontal cortex

Involved with affective reactions to present situations based on past experiences, planning and execution, judgement, responsibility, personality and emotion.

Question 7

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 7

Postcentral gyrus, posterior paracentral lobule (S1)

Involved with discrimination and localization of somatosensory information (conscious proprioception, discriminative touch, pressure, pain, temp)

Question 8

Secondary Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 8

Parietal operculum, cortex of the lateral sulcus extending into the insula (S2)

Involved with less discriminative aspects of somatosensory information

Question 9

Somatosensory Association Cortex

Answer 9

Superior parietal lobule on the lateral surface, precuneus on the medial surface

Involved with touch localization (naming object placed in hand), memory of somesthetic environment, spatial awareness

Question 10

Language (Wernicke’s) Area

Answer 10

Supramarginal and angular gyri, posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus

Involved with language comprehension (receptive language)

Question 11

Primary Auditory Cortex

Answer 11

Transverse temporal gyri (gyri of Heschl)

Involved with auditory reception

Question 12

Auditory Association Complex

Answer 12

Portion of the superior temporal gyrus adjacent to the primary auditory complex

Involved with interpretation of auditory information such as tones, loudness, sound modulation, timing, recognition of sounds

Question 13

Primary Olfactory Cortex

Answer 13

Uncus of the parahippocampal gyrus

Involved with the reception of odors

Question 14

Olfactory Association Complex

Answer 14

Base of uncus and adjacent portion of the parahippocampal gyrus

Involved with the identification of odors

Question 15

Primary Visual Cortex

Answer 15

On either side of the calcarine sulcus

Involved with visual reception

Question 16

Visual Association Cortex

Answer 16

Above and Below the primary visual cortex

involved with the recognition of objects, color, depth

Question 17

Limbic Lobe

Answer 17

Subcallosal area, cingulate gyrus, isthmus of the cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus

Involved with processing sensory info from the environment and evokes feelings/emotions promoting survival and reproduction